Cigarette smoking among women: how can we help?

Cigarette smoking remains a concern in the United States. Although more men than women in this country smoke, the gap appears to be narrowing. The risk for disease among women who smoke has risen sharply over the last 50 years and is now equal to that of men for lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases. Female smokers also face health risks associated with pregnancy and use of oral contraceptives, menstrual irregularities, early menopause, osteoporosis and cervical cancer. In addition, they are less likely to have success quitting smoking. This article discusses some of the reasons why women have difficulty quitting, which can help guide physicians in assisting them with smoking cessation.