Regulating the number and function of neuronal acetylcholine receptors.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on vertebrate neurons represent a family of receptors distinct from the well-characterized AChR of skeletal muscle. New probes for neuronal AChRs are now being used to examine the regulation of receptor number and function. The results suggest that neuronal AChRs differ from muscle AChRs in regulation by presynaptic input and by at least one second messenger system, and that neuronal AChRs are additionally regulated by retrograde signals from the synaptic target tissue. The forms of regulation provide potential mechanisms by which cell-cell interactions could stabilize synaptic contacts on neurons and modulate synaptic function.