M Kapetanakis1, P Liuba2, M Odermarsky3, J Lundgren4, T Hallböök5. 1. Department of Paediatric Neurology, Pediatric Child Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: minas.kapetanakis@yahoo.com. 2. Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, Skåne University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: petru.liuba@med.lu.se. 3. Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, Skåne University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: michal.odermarsky@yahoo.com. 4. Department of Paediatric Neurology, Pediatric Child Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: johan.lundgren@skane.se. 5. Department of Paediatric Neurology, Pediatric Child Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: tove.hallbook@telia.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ketogenic diet is a well-established treatment in children with difficult to treat epilepsy. Very little is known about the long-term effects on vascular atherogenic and biochemical processes of this high-fat and low carbohydrate and protein diet. METHODS: We evaluated 26 children after one year and 13 children after two years of ketogenic diet. High resolution ultrasound-based assessment was used for carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid artery distensibility and carotid artery compliance. Blood lipids including high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein A (apoA), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were analysed. RESULTS: A gradual decrease in carotid distensibility and an increase in LDL-C, apoB and the TC:LDL-C and LDL-C:HDL-C ratios were seen at three and 12 months of KD-treatment. These differences were not significant at 24 months. cIMT, BMI and hsCRP did not show any significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: The initial alterations in lipids, apoB and arterial function observed within the first year of KD-treatment appear to be reversible and not significant after 24 months of treatment.
BACKGROUND: Ketogenic diet is a well-established treatment in children with difficult to treat epilepsy. Very little is known about the long-term effects on vascular atherogenic and biochemical processes of this high-fat and low carbohydrate and protein diet. METHODS: We evaluated 26 children after one year and 13 children after two years of ketogenic diet. High resolution ultrasound-based assessment was used for carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid artery distensibility and carotid artery compliance. Blood lipids including high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein A (apoA), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were analysed. RESULTS: A gradual decrease in carotid distensibility and an increase in LDL-C, apoB and the TC:LDL-C and LDL-C:HDL-C ratios were seen at three and 12 months of KD-treatment. These differences were not significant at 24 months. cIMT, BMI and hsCRP did not show any significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: The initial alterations in lipids, apoB and arterial function observed within the first year of KD-treatment appear to be reversible and not significant after 24 months of treatment.
Authors: Eric H Kossoff; Beth A Zupec-Kania; Stéphane Auvin; Karen R Ballaban-Gil; A G Christina Bergqvist; Robyn Blackford; Jeffrey R Buchhalter; Roberto H Caraballo; J Helen Cross; Maria G Dahlin; Elizabeth J Donner; Orkide Guzel; Rana S Jehle; Joerg Klepper; Hoon-Chul Kang; Danielle A Lambrechts; Y M Christiana Liu; Janak K Nathan; Douglas R Nordli; Heidi H Pfeifer; Jong M Rho; Ingrid E Scheffer; Suvasini Sharma; Carl E Stafstrom; Elizabeth A Thiele; Zahava Turner; Maria M Vaccarezza; Elles J T M van der Louw; Pierangelo Veggiotti; James W Wheless; Elaine C Wirrell Journal: Epilepsia Open Date: 2018-05-21
Authors: Gerwyn Morris; Basant K Puri; Andre Carvalho; Michael Maes; Michael Berk; Anu Ruusunen; Lisa Olive Journal: Int J Neuropsychopharmacol Date: 2020-06-24 Impact factor: 5.176