Jin-Ho Choi1, Eun Kyoung Kim2, Sung Mok Kim2, Young Bin Song2, Joo-Yong Hahn2, Seung Hyuk Choi2, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon2, Sang Hoon Lee2, Yeon Hyeon Choe2, Jae K Oh2. 1. From the Departments of Medicine (J.-H.C., E.K.K., Y.B.S., J-Y.H., S.H.C., H.-C.G., S.H.L., J.K.O.), Emergency Medicine (J.-H.C.), and Radiology (S.M.K., Y.H.C.), Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.). jhchoimd@gmail.com. 2. From the Departments of Medicine (J.-H.C., E.K.K., Y.B.S., J-Y.H., S.H.C., H.-C.G., S.H.L., J.K.O.), Emergency Medicine (J.-H.C.), and Radiology (S.M.K., Y.H.C.), Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coronary collateral flow is an alternative source of myocardial perfusion in patients with totally occluded coronary arteries. Clinical evaluation of collateral flow has been limited by the need of invasive measurements. We investigated whether noninvasive coronary computed tomographic angiography can evaluate the angiographic extent of coronary collateral flow. METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 325 coronary computed tomographic angiography cases with angiographically confirmed chronic total occlusion (median age, 63 years; men 83%). Transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG), which reflects the kinetics of contrast media in coronary artery, of an entire artery as well as of a distal vessel was assessed to evaluate the flow in entire vessel and distal vessel. TAGs were validated against visually assessed angiographic collateral connection and Rentrop grading. TAG of an entire artery increased consistently according to the angiographic extent of collateral flow (P<0.001). Well-developed collaterals, defined by highest collateral connection and Rentrop grades (n=103), could be predicted by TAG of an entire artery (cutoff, ≥-7.6 Hounsfield units/10 mm; c-statistics, 0.72; sensitivity, 65%; specificity, 73%; positive predictive value, 52%; negative predictive value, 82%). TAG of a distal vessel could discriminate the antegrade (n=143) and retrograde (n=182) flows in distal artery (cutoff, 0.0 Hounsfield unit/10 mm; c-statistics, 0.88; sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 85%; positive predictive value, 87%; negative predictive value, 75%). CONCLUSIONS: TAG, an intracoronary attenuation-based analysis of coronary computed tomographic angiography, moderately reflected the functional extent and direction of collateral flow.
BACKGROUND: Coronary collateral flow is an alternative source of myocardial perfusion in patients with totally occluded coronary arteries. Clinical evaluation of collateral flow has been limited by the need of invasive measurements. We investigated whether noninvasive coronary computed tomographic angiography can evaluate the angiographic extent of coronary collateral flow. METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 325 coronary computed tomographic angiography cases with angiographically confirmed chronic total occlusion (median age, 63 years; men 83%). Transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG), which reflects the kinetics of contrast media in coronary artery, of an entire artery as well as of a distal vessel was assessed to evaluate the flow in entire vessel and distal vessel. TAGs were validated against visually assessed angiographic collateral connection and Rentrop grading. TAG of an entire artery increased consistently according to the angiographic extent of collateral flow (P<0.001). Well-developed collaterals, defined by highest collateral connection and Rentrop grades (n=103), could be predicted by TAG of an entire artery (cutoff, ≥-7.6 Hounsfield units/10 mm; c-statistics, 0.72; sensitivity, 65%; specificity, 73%; positive predictive value, 52%; negative predictive value, 82%). TAG of a distal vessel could discriminate the antegrade (n=143) and retrograde (n=182) flows in distal artery (cutoff, 0.0 Hounsfield unit/10 mm; c-statistics, 0.88; sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 85%; positive predictive value, 87%; negative predictive value, 75%). CONCLUSIONS: TAG, an intracoronary attenuation-based analysis of coronary computed tomographic angiography, moderately reflected the functional extent and direction of collateral flow.
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