Irene Kuo1, Carol E Golin2, Jing Wang3, Danielle F Haley4, James Hughes5, Sharon Mannheimer6, Jessica Justman7, Anne Rompalo8, Paula M Frew9, Adaora A Adimora2, Lydia Soto-Torres10, Sally Hodder11. 1. George Washington University, School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: ikuo@gwu.edu. 2. University of North Carolina School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. 3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. 4. FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Atlanta, GA, USA. 5. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 6. Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 7. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 8. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 9. Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA. 10. National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA. 11. Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Substance use is associated with HIV sexual risk behaviors, yet few studies have examined substance use patterns longitudinally. We evaluated the types and frequency of substances used over a six-month period among U.S. women at risk for HIV acquisition. METHODS: Women reporting unprotected sex with a man in the previous six months and at least one other personal or partner HIV risk characteristic enrolled in a multisite cohort study and completed interviews about substance use at study visits. Prevalence and frequency of substance use at the baseline and six-month visits were compared and correlates of decreased substance use at the six-month visit were assessed. RESULTS: Of 2099 women enrolled, 1882 had substance use data at baseline and six-months. Of these, 76.1% reported using at least one drug or binge drinking in the previous six months; 37.5% were frequent and 38.6% non-frequent substance users. Binge drinking was most frequently reported (63.3%), followed by cocaine (25.0%) and opioids (16.5%). Fifty-five percent of opiate users and 30% of cocaine users reported daily/almost daily use. At the six-month visit, 40.5% reported a decrease in frequency of use. Adjusting for income and type of drug used, poly-substance users were less likely to decrease frequency of use compared to those who only used one substance. CONCLUSION: A substantial decrease in frequency of substance use over time was observed in this cohort. Poly-substance users were less likely to reduce frequency of use over time, suggesting that specific substance use interventions targeting these users are warranted.
BACKGROUND: Substance use is associated with HIV sexual risk behaviors, yet few studies have examined substance use patterns longitudinally. We evaluated the types and frequency of substances used over a six-month period among U.S. women at risk for HIV acquisition. METHODS:Women reporting unprotected sex with a man in the previous six months and at least one other personal or partner HIV risk characteristic enrolled in a multisite cohort study and completed interviews about substance use at study visits. Prevalence and frequency of substance use at the baseline and six-month visits were compared and correlates of decreased substance use at the six-month visit were assessed. RESULTS: Of 2099 women enrolled, 1882 had substance use data at baseline and six-months. Of these, 76.1% reported using at least one drug or binge drinking in the previous six months; 37.5% were frequent and 38.6% non-frequent substance users. Binge drinking was most frequently reported (63.3%), followed by cocaine (25.0%) and opioids (16.5%). Fifty-five percent of opiate users and 30% of cocaine users reported daily/almost daily use. At the six-month visit, 40.5% reported a decrease in frequency of use. Adjusting for income and type of drug used, poly-substance users were less likely to decrease frequency of use compared to those who only used one substance. CONCLUSION: A substantial decrease in frequency of substance use over time was observed in this cohort. Poly-substance users were less likely to reduce frequency of use over time, suggesting that specific substance use interventions targeting these users are warranted.
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