Targeting tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene in cancer.

Tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene (TRK-fused gene, TFG) encodes a protein which is a conserved regulator of protein secretion that localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum exit sites and controls the export of materials from the endoplasmic reticulum. It is important for intracellular trafficking of protein secretion. TFG belongs to the systems which control cell size, and is involved in regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis and cell proliferation. The TFG fusion proteins have been found to play a role in oncogenesis, with the activity of TFG fusion proteins promoting tumor development. In addition, TFG alone has been demonstrated to function like an oncoprotein; however, there are contradictory data suggesting TFG might act as a tumor suppressor. In this article, we will review the functions and regulation of TFG, the TFG fusion proteins, and the role of TFG in tumorigenesis. Finally, the potential of targeting TFG in cancer treatment is discussed.