Nasheeta Peer1, Carl Lombard2, Krisela Steyn3, Naomi Levitt4. 1. Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; nasheeta.peer@mrc.ac.za. 2. Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; 3. Department of Medicine, Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; 4. Department of Medicine, Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: To examine the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use in the 25-74-year-old urban Black population of Cape Town and to examine the changes between 1990 and 2008-2009 in the 25-64-year-old sample. METHODS: In 2008-2009 (n = 1,099), a representative cross-sectional sample was randomly selected from the same townships sampled in 1990 (n = 986). Sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco use by the World Health Organization (WHO) STEP-wise questionnaire, and psychosocial stress, including sense of coherence (SOC), locus of control, and adverse life events, were determined. Survey logistic regression analysis assessed the determinants of smoking ≥ 1 cigarette/day. RESULTS: There were 392 men and 707 women. Age-standardized prevalence of smoking ≥ 1 cigarette/day was 48.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 43.0-54.0) in men and 7.8% (95% CI = 5.8-10.5) in women (p < .001). Prevalence in men was lower in 2008-2009 (51.0%, 95% CI = 45.2-56.7) compared with 1990 (59.7%, 95% CI = 53.8-65.4) but unchanged in women (2008/09: 8.0%, 95% CI = 5.9-10.7; 1990: 8.4%, 95% CI = 6.0-11.8). In the logistic model for men, smoking was associated with younger age (p = .005) and being poor (p = .024). In women, spending more than half their lives in the city (p < .001), being poor (p = .002), and coping poorly with stress (defined by lower SOC; OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.08; p = .035) were associated with smoking. Increasing number of adverse events, which replaced SOC in the same models, was significant for women (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.01-1.21; p = .047) but not for men. Education level, employment status, and housing quality were not relevant for men or women. CONCLUSIONS: The high smoking prevalence in men and unchanged rate in women require additional interventions to curtail this behavior.
INTRODUCTION: To examine the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use in the 25-74-year-old urban Black population of Cape Town and to examine the changes between 1990 and 2008-2009 in the 25-64-year-old sample. METHODS: In 2008-2009 (n = 1,099), a representative cross-sectional sample was randomly selected from the same townships sampled in 1990 (n = 986). Sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco use by the World Health Organization (WHO) STEP-wise questionnaire, and psychosocial stress, including sense of coherence (SOC), locus of control, and adverse life events, were determined. Survey logistic regression analysis assessed the determinants of smoking ≥ 1 cigarette/day. RESULTS: There were 392 men and 707 women. Age-standardized prevalence of smoking ≥ 1 cigarette/day was 48.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 43.0-54.0) in men and 7.8% (95% CI = 5.8-10.5) in women (p < .001). Prevalence in men was lower in 2008-2009 (51.0%, 95% CI = 45.2-56.7) compared with 1990 (59.7%, 95% CI = 53.8-65.4) but unchanged in women (2008/09: 8.0%, 95% CI = 5.9-10.7; 1990: 8.4%, 95% CI = 6.0-11.8). In the logistic model for men, smoking was associated with younger age (p = .005) and being poor (p = .024). In women, spending more than half their lives in the city (p < .001), being poor (p = .002), and coping poorly with stress (defined by lower SOC; OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.08; p = .035) were associated with smoking. Increasing number of adverse events, which replaced SOC in the same models, was significant for women (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.01-1.21; p = .047) but not for men. Education level, employment status, and housing quality were not relevant for men or women. CONCLUSIONS: The high smoking prevalence in men and unchanged rate in women require additional interventions to curtail this behavior.
Authors: Anne Berit Petersen; Lisa M Thompson; Gezahegn Bekele Dadi; Alemu Tolcha; Janine K Cataldo Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2016-08-31 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Lisa K Micklesfield; Juliana Kagura; Richard Munthali; Nigel J Crowther; Nicole Jaff; Philippe Gradidge; Michèle Ramsay; Shane A Norris Journal: Glob Health Action Date: 2018 Impact factor: 2.640