Clonal and cellular dynamics in germinal centers.

Germinal centers (GCs) are the site of antibody affinity maturation, a process that involves complex clonal and cellular dynamics. Selection of B cells bearing higher-affinity immunoglobulins proceeds via a stereotyped pattern whereby B cells migrate cyclically between the GC's two anatomical compartments. This process occurs in a timeframe that is well suited to analysis by intravital microscopy, and much has been learned in recent years by use of these techniques. On a longer time scale, the diversity of B cell clones and variants within individual GCs is also thought to change as affinity maturation progresses; however, our understanding of clonal dynamics in individual GCs is limited. We discuss recent progress in the elucidation of clonal and cellular dynamics patterns.