Chiara Cristina Bortolasci1, Heber Odebrecht Vargas2, André Souza-Nogueira1, Décio Sabbatini Barbosa3, Estefania Gastaldello Moreira4, Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes2, Michael Berk5, Seetal Dodd5, Michael Maes6. 1. Laboratory of Graduation, Health Sciences Center, the State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, University Hospital, Londrina, Brazil; Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Brazil. 3. Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analisys, Health Sciences Center, Londrina, Brazil. 4. Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Brazil. 5. Impact Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 6. Impact Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: http://www.scholar.google.com/citations?user=1wzMZ7UAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Major depression and bipolar disorder are accompanied by the activation of immune-inflammatory and Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress (O&NS) pathways and lowered levels of antioxidants. Paraoxonase (PON)1 (EC 3.1.8.1) is an antioxidant bound to High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Polymorphisms in the PON1 Q192R coding sequence determine three functional genotypes, i.e. 192QQ, 192QR and 192RR. AIMS: This study was carried out to delineate the associations of plasma PON1 activity and functional PON1 Q192R genotypes in major depression and bipolar disorder. METHODS: PON1 status that is plasma PON1 abundance and three functional PON1 Q192R genotypes were assayed in 91 major depressed and 45 bipolar patients and compared to 199 normal controls. RESULTS: Major depression, but not bipolar disorder, was accompanied by lowered PON1 activity. PON1 activity was decreased by smoking and a diagnosis by genotype interaction (i.e. lower PON1 in major depression with the QQ genotype). Logistic regression showed that smoking by QQ genotype significantly increased the odds of bipolar disorder and that major depression was predicted by plasma PON1 activity, serum HDL cholesterol and interactions between genotype×smoking. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that lowered plasma PON1 activity is a trait marker of major depression and that PONQ192R gene-environment (smoking) interactions differentially predict the odds of depression and bipolar disorder. LIMITATIONS: Association studies are prone to a risk of false positive findings and replication is essential. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that there are differential PON1 Q192R functional genotype×environment interactions in major depression and bipolar disorder. The effects of lowered PON1 activity may contribute to increased O&NS and immune-inflammatory burden in depression. PON1 status may contribute to the comorbidity between depression and other immune- and O&NS-related disorders, e.g. cardiovascular disorder.
BACKGROUND: Major depression and bipolar disorder are accompanied by the activation of immune-inflammatory and Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress (O&NS) pathways and lowered levels of antioxidants. Paraoxonase (PON)1 (EC 3.1.8.1) is an antioxidant bound to High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Polymorphisms in the PON1Q192R coding sequence determine three functional genotypes, i.e. 192QQ, 192QR and 192RR. AIMS: This study was carried out to delineate the associations of plasma PON1 activity and functional PON1Q192R genotypes in major depression and bipolar disorder. METHODS:PON1 status that is plasma PON1 abundance and three functional PON1Q192R genotypes were assayed in 91 major depressed and 45 bipolarpatients and compared to 199 normal controls. RESULTS:Major depression, but not bipolar disorder, was accompanied by lowered PON1 activity. PON1 activity was decreased by smoking and a diagnosis by genotype interaction (i.e. lower PON1 in major depression with the QQ genotype). Logistic regression showed that smoking by QQ genotype significantly increased the odds of bipolar disorder and that major depression was predicted by plasma PON1 activity, serum HDL cholesterol and interactions between genotype×smoking. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that lowered plasma PON1 activity is a trait marker of major depression and that PONQ192R gene-environment (smoking) interactions differentially predict the odds of depression and bipolar disorder. LIMITATIONS: Association studies are prone to a risk of false positive findings and replication is essential. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that there are differential PON1Q192R functional genotype×environment interactions in major depression and bipolar disorder. The effects of lowered PON1 activity may contribute to increased O&NS and immune-inflammatory burden in depression. PON1 status may contribute to the comorbidity between depression and other immune- and O&NS-related disorders, e.g. cardiovascular disorder.
Authors: Kimberly C Paul; Janet S Sinsheimer; Myles Cockburn; Jeff M Bronstein; Yvette Bordelon; Beate Ritz Journal: Environ Int Date: 2017-07-06 Impact factor: 9.621
Authors: Abdullah Atli; Mahmut Bulut; Yasin Bez; İbrahim Kaplan; Pınar Güzel Özdemir; Cem Uysal; Hilal Selçuk; Aytekin Sir Journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Date: 2015-09-01 Impact factor: 5.270