Richard Klaus Gurgel1, Preston Daniel Ward, Sarah Schwartz, Maria C Norton, Norman L Foster, JoAnn T Tschanz. 1. *Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; †Center for Epidemiologic Studies, ‡Department of Family Consumer and Human Development, §Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan; and ∥Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether baseline hearing loss increases cognitive decline and risk for all-cause dementia in a population of elderly individuals. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Community-based, outpatient. PATIENTS: Men and women aged 65 years or older without dementia at baseline. INTERVENTION(S): All subjects completed the Modified Mini-Mental Status Exam (3MS-R) at baseline and over 3 triennial follow-up visits. Hearing loss (HL) at baseline was based on observation of hearing difficulties during testing or interview. Incident dementia was determined by clinical assessment and expert consensus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Dementia and 3MS-R score. RESULTS: At baseline, 4,463 subjects were without dementia, 836 of whom had HL. Of those with HL, 16.3% developed dementia, compared with 12.1% of those without HL (p < 0.001). Mean time to dementia was 10.3 years in the HL group versus 11.9 years for non-HL (log rank test p < 0.001). In Cox regression analyses controlling for sex, presence of APOE- [Latin Small Letter Open E]4 allele, education, and baseline age, and cardiovascular risk factors, HL was an independent predictor of developing dementia (hazard ratio = 1.27, p = 0.026 [95% CI, 1.03-1.56]). Linear mixed models controlling for similar covariates showed HL was associated with faster decline on the 3MS-R, at a rate of 0.26 points/year worse than those without HL. CONCLUSION: Elderly individuals with HL have an increased rate of developing dementia and more rapid decline on 3MS-R scores than their nonhearing impaired counterparts. These findings suggest that hearing impairment may be a marker for cognitive dysfunction in adults age 65 years and older.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether baseline hearing loss increases cognitive decline and risk for all-cause dementia in a population of elderly individuals. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Community-based, outpatient. PATIENTS: Men and women aged 65 years or older without dementia at baseline. INTERVENTION(S): All subjects completed the Modified Mini-Mental Status Exam (3MS-R) at baseline and over 3 triennial follow-up visits. Hearing loss (HL) at baseline was based on observation of hearing difficulties during testing or interview. Incident dementia was determined by clinical assessment and expert consensus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Dementia and 3MS-R score. RESULTS: At baseline, 4,463 subjects were without dementia, 836 of whom had HL. Of those with HL, 16.3% developed dementia, compared with 12.1% of those without HL (p < 0.001). Mean time to dementia was 10.3 years in the HL group versus 11.9 years for non-HL (log rank test p < 0.001). In Cox regression analyses controlling for sex, presence of APOE- [Latin Small Letter Open E]4 allele, education, and baseline age, and cardiovascular risk factors, HL was an independent predictor of developing dementia (hazard ratio = 1.27, p = 0.026 [95% CI, 1.03-1.56]). Linear mixed models controlling for similar covariates showed HL was associated with faster decline on the 3MS-R, at a rate of 0.26 points/year worse than those without HL. CONCLUSION: Elderly individuals with HL have an increased rate of developing dementia and more rapid decline on 3MS-R scores than their nonhearing impaired counterparts. These findings suggest that hearing impairment may be a marker for cognitive dysfunction in adults age 65 years and older.
Authors: Kathleen M Hayden; Peter P Zandi; Constantine G Lyketsos; Ara S Khachaturian; Lori A Bastian; Gene Charoonruk; JoAnn T Tschanz; Maria C Norton; Carl F Pieper; Ron G Munger; John C S Breitner; Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer Journal: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord Date: 2006 Apr-Jun Impact factor: 2.703
Authors: J T Tschanz; K A Welsh-Bohmer; C G Lyketsos; C Corcoran; R C Green; K Hayden; M C Norton; P P Zandi; L Toone; N A West; J C S Breitner Journal: Neurology Date: 2006-07-25 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Kathleen M Hayden; Peter P Zandi; Nancy A West; Joann T Tschanz; Maria C Norton; Chris Corcoran; John C S Breitner; Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer Journal: Arch Neurol Date: 2009-11
Authors: Katherine A Treiber; Constantine G Lyketsos; Chris Corcoran; Martin Steinberg; Maria Norton; Robert C Green; Peter Rabins; David M Stein; Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer; John C S Breitner; JoAnn T Tschanz Journal: Int Psychogeriatr Date: 2008-02-21 Impact factor: 3.878
Authors: Albert Hofman; Guy G O Brusselle; Sarwa Darwish Murad; Cornelia M van Duijn; Oscar H Franco; André Goedegebure; M Arfan Ikram; Caroline C W Klaver; Tamar E C Nijsten; Robin P Peeters; Bruno H Ch Stricker; Henning W Tiemeier; André G Uitterlinden; Meike W Vernooij Journal: Eur J Epidemiol Date: 2015-09-19 Impact factor: 8.082
Authors: Nicole M Armstrong; Yang An; Luigi Ferrucci; Jennifer A Deal; Frank R Lin; Susan M Resnick Journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Date: 2020-02-14 Impact factor: 6.053
Authors: Taylor J Krivanek; Seth A Gale; Brittany M McFeeley; Casey M Nicastri; Kirk R Daffner Journal: J Alzheimers Dis Date: 2021 Impact factor: 4.472
Authors: Justin S Golub; Adam M Brickman; Adam J Ciarleglio; Nicole Schupf; José A Luchsinger Journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Date: 2020-02-14 Impact factor: 6.053
Authors: Amit Chopra; Molly Jung; Robert C Kaplan; David W Appel; Elizabeth A Dinces; Sumitrajit Dhar; Phyllis C Zee; Franklyn Gonzalez; David J Lee; Alberto R Ramos; Howard J Hoffman; Susan Redline; Karen J Cruickshanks; Neomi A Shah Journal: J Clin Sleep Med Date: 2016-05-15 Impact factor: 4.062