Pierre Alexis Geoffroy1, Carole Boudebesse2, Frank Bellivier3, Mohamed Lajnef4, Chantal Henry5, Marion Leboyer5, Jan Scott6, Bruno Etain2. 1. INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie génétique, Créteil 94000, France; AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil 94000, France; Pôle de psychiatrie, Université Lille Nord de France, CHRU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil 94000, France. Electronic address: pierre.a.geoffroy@gmail.com. 2. INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie génétique, Créteil 94000, France; AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil 94000, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil 94000, France. 3. Fondation FondaMental, Créteil 94000, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences, Paris, France; Université Paris-7 Paris-Diderot, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France. 4. INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie génétique, Créteil 94000, France. 5. INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie génétique, Créteil 94000, France; Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil 94000, France; AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil 94000, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil 94000, France. 6. Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, UK; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Findings from actigraphic studies suggesting that sleep and circadian rhythms are disrupted in bipolar disorder (BD) patients have been undermined by methodological heterogeneity and the failure to adequately address potential confounders. METHOD: Twenty-six euthymic BD cases and 29 healthy controls (HC), recruited from University Paris-Est and matched for age and gender, were compared on subjective (Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Inventory; PQSI) and objective (mean scores and variability in actigraphy) measures of sleep as recorded by over 21 consecutive days. RESULTS: Multivariate generalized linear modelling (GLM) revealed significant differences between BD cases and HC for five PSQI items (total score and four subscales), four actigraphy variables (mean scores) and five actigraphy variability measures. Backward stepwise linear regression (BSLR) indicated that a combination of four variables (mean sleep duration, mean sleep latency, variability of the fragmentation index over 21 days, and mean score on PSQI daytime dysfunction sub-scale) correctly classified 89% of study participants as cases or controls (Chi-square=39.81; df=6; p=0.001). LIMITATIONS: The sample size (although larger than most actigraphy studies) and incomplete matching of cases and controls may have influenced our findings. It was not possible to control for potential effects of psychotropic medication or differences in employment status between groups. CONCLUSIONS: When potential confounders of sleep and circadian profiles are adequately taken into account (particularly age, gender, daytime sleepiness, mood symptoms, body mass index, and risk of sleep apnoea), a selected subset of quantitative (mean scores) and qualitative (variability) features differentiated euthymic BD cases from HC.
INTRODUCTION: Findings from actigraphic studies suggesting that sleep and circadian rhythms are disrupted in bipolar disorder (BD) patients have been undermined by methodological heterogeneity and the failure to adequately address potential confounders. METHOD: Twenty-six euthymic BD cases and 29 healthy controls (HC), recruited from University Paris-Est and matched for age and gender, were compared on subjective (Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Inventory; PQSI) and objective (mean scores and variability in actigraphy) measures of sleep as recorded by over 21 consecutive days. RESULTS: Multivariate generalized linear modelling (GLM) revealed significant differences between BD cases and HC for five PSQI items (total score and four subscales), four actigraphy variables (mean scores) and five actigraphy variability measures. Backward stepwise linear regression (BSLR) indicated that a combination of four variables (mean sleep duration, mean sleep latency, variability of the fragmentation index over 21 days, and mean score on PSQI daytime dysfunction sub-scale) correctly classified 89% of study participants as cases or controls (Chi-square=39.81; df=6; p=0.001). LIMITATIONS: The sample size (although larger than most actigraphy studies) and incomplete matching of cases and controls may have influenced our findings. It was not possible to control for potential effects of psychotropic medication or differences in employment status between groups. CONCLUSIONS: When potential confounders of sleep and circadian profiles are adequately taken into account (particularly age, gender, daytime sleepiness, mood symptoms, body mass index, and risk of sleep apnoea), a selected subset of quantitative (mean scores) and qualitative (variability) features differentiated euthymic BD cases from HC.
Authors: Sanne Verkooijen; Annet H van Bergen; Stefan E Knapen; Annabel Vreeker; Lucija Abramovic; Lucia Pagani; Yoon Jung; Rixt Riemersma-van der Lek; Robert A Schoevers; Joseph S Takahashi; René S Kahn; Marco P M Boks; Roel A Ophoff Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2016-10-11 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Mohammad A Seleem; John A Merranko; Tina R Goldstein; Benjamin I Goldstein; David A Axelson; David A Brent; Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar; Rasim S Diler; Dara J Sakolsky; David J Kupfer; Boris Birmaher Journal: Bipolar Disord Date: 2014-12-19 Impact factor: 6.744
Authors: Tina R Goldstein; John Merranko; Megan Krantz; Matthew Garcia; Peter Franzen; Jessica Levenson; David Axelson; Boris Birmaher; Ellen Frank Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2018-04-07 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Jessica C Levenson; David A Axelson; John Merranko; Melina Angulo; Tina R Goldstein; Benjamin C Mullin; Benjamin I Goldstein; David A Brent; Rasim Diler; Mary Beth Hickey; Kelly Monk; Dara Sakolsky; David J Kupfer; Boris Birmaher Journal: Bipolar Disord Date: 2015-11-07 Impact factor: 6.744