Human amniotic-fluid-derived stem cells: a unique source for regenerative medicine.

INTRODUCTION: The first application of tissue engineering was based on the use of differentiated cells from the adult organism, which was associated with an invasiveness and high risk of diseased cells' transplantation. Over the years, the range of available cell populations for tissue engineering has widened. AREAS COVERED: We review the comprehensive information concerning the characteristic features of amniotic-fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs). We also review the potential applications of these cells in clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION: AFSCs hold promise for the future treatment of many incurable diseases. However, such cell-based therapies have some limitations, and there are questions relating to the use of stem cells, which should be carefully analyzed before translation of these cells into clinical practice.