Calcium dependent modulation of fast axonal transport.

The highly differentiated structure of the neuron poses special problems for the intracellular movement of molecules throughout the cell. Molecular transport distances from the synthesizing neuron cell body along the axon (which has no substantial synthetic capabilities) to the axon terminal are very great. The transported substances, transport support structures, translocator motors, and control elements are currently the focus of intense research. Interruption of this flow of molecules could have disastrous effects upon the cell and ultimately the organism resulting in neuropathological conditions. Calcium plays a critical role in modulating fast-axonal transport (FAT) speeds. Before discussing the effect of calcium on FAT, we summarize our broad perspective on the role of axonal transport in neurologic disease.