Cotargeting EGFR and autophagy signaling: A novel therapeutic strategy for non-small-cell lung cancer.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) somatic mutations are found in the majority of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and patients with NSCLC who harbor EGFR mutations have been shown to exhibit increased sensitivity to the small-molecule EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib. However, the majority of tumors develop acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs after a median of 10-16 months, which limits the clinical efficacy of these drugs. Autophagy, an important homeostatic cellular recycling mechanism, has emerged as a potential target for the acquired resistance phenotype. Recently, several studies demonstrated that autophagy may be induced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment of multiple cancer cell lines with EGFR-TKIs in vitro. Furthermore, it was recently reported that autophagy, as a cytoprotective response, may be activated by EGFR-TKIs in lung cancer cells and that the inhibition of autophagy enhanced the cytotoxic effect of EGFR-TKIs. In this review, we aimed to focus on the association between resistance to EGFR-TKIs and autophagy, and assess whether autophagy inhibition represents a promising approach to improve the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in the treatment of NSCLC patients.