BACKGROUND: Transmission of HIV-1 with drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in Spain remains stable around 13%. However, the profile of recent HIV-1 seroconverters has experienced significant changes. METHODS: Retrospective analyses of all individuals with HIV-1 infection acquired within the past 12 months recruited at a national registry since year 1997. RESULTS: A total of 1032 recent HIV-1 seroconverters were examined (92.2% men; median age 31 years; 84% homosexual men). At the moment of diagnosis, median plasma HIV-RNA and CD4 cell counts were 4.5 log copies/ml and 558 cells/μl, respectively. A total of 136 individuals (13.8%) carried non-B subtypes. Major primary DRMs were found in 13.4%, being 7.7% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), 5.8% for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and 2.9% for protease inhibitor. NRTI DRM significantly declined from 23.7% in 1997-2000 to 5.7% in 2010-2012 (P<0.01). Overall, X4 viruses were found in 19.7% of HIV-1 seroconverters, increasing from 11.5% before 2001 to 23.3% since year 2010 (P=0.04). Interestingly, median CD4 cell counts were significantly lower in seroconverters diagnosed during the last period after adjusting for potential confounders. In multivariate analyses, X4 tropism, high HIV-RNA, foreigners and non-B subtypes were independent predictors of lower CD4 cell counts. CONCLUSION: Transmission of NRTI DRM has declined significantly in recent HIV-1 seroconverters in Spain. Conversely, X4 tropic viruses are on the rise and currently account for 23.3% of new HIV-1 infections. These individuals present with lower CD4 cell counts suggesting that circulating HIV-1 strains might have gained virulence.
BACKGROUND: Transmission of HIV-1 with drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in Spain remains stable around 13%. However, the profile of recent HIV-1 seroconverters has experienced significant changes. METHODS: Retrospective analyses of all individuals with HIV-1 infection acquired within the past 12 months recruited at a national registry since year 1997. RESULTS: A total of 1032 recent HIV-1 seroconverters were examined (92.2% men; median age 31 years; 84% homosexual men). At the moment of diagnosis, median plasma HIV-RNA and CD4 cell counts were 4.5 log copies/ml and 558 cells/μl, respectively. A total of 136 individuals (13.8%) carried non-B subtypes. Major primary DRMs were found in 13.4%, being 7.7% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), 5.8% for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and 2.9% for protease inhibitor. NRTI DRM significantly declined from 23.7% in 1997-2000 to 5.7% in 2010-2012 (P<0.01). Overall, X4 viruses were found in 19.7% of HIV-1 seroconverters, increasing from 11.5% before 2001 to 23.3% since year 2010 (P=0.04). Interestingly, median CD4 cell counts were significantly lower in seroconverters diagnosed during the last period after adjusting for potential confounders. In multivariate analyses, X4 tropism, high HIV-RNA, foreigners and non-B subtypes were independent predictors of lower CD4 cell counts. CONCLUSION: Transmission of NRTI DRM has declined significantly in recent HIV-1 seroconverters in Spain. Conversely, X4 tropic viruses are on the rise and currently account for 23.3% of new HIV-1 infections. These individuals present with lower CD4 cell counts suggesting that circulating HIV-1 strains might have gained virulence.
Authors: Iris Chen; Wei Huang; Matthew B Connor; Arne Frantzell; Vanessa Cummings; Geetha G Beauchamp; Sam Griffith; Sheldon D Fields; Hyman M Scott; Steven Shoptaw; Carlos Del Rio; Manya Magnus; Sharon Mannheimer; Hong-Van Tieu; Darrell P Wheeler; Kenneth H Mayer; Beryl A Koblin; Susan H Eshleman Journal: HIV Clin Trials Date: 2016-06-14
Authors: J L Guo; Y Yan; J F Zhang; J M Ji; Z J Ge; R Ge; X F Zhang; H H Wang; Z W Chen; J Y Luo Journal: Epidemiol Infect Date: 2019-01 Impact factor: 2.451
Authors: Anh Q Le; Jeremy Taylor; Winnie Dong; Rosemary McCloskey; Conan Woods; Ryan Danroth; Kanna Hayashi; M-J Milloy; Art F Y Poon; Zabrina L Brumme Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2015-12-03 Impact factor: 4.379