J White1, J Pearce2, S Morrison2, F Dunstan3, J I Bisson2, D L Fone3. 1. Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement, School of Medicine,Cardiff University,Cardiff,UK. 2. Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales,Cardiff,UK. 3. Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University,UK.
Abstract
AIMS: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is typically associated with high-risk population groups, but the risk of PTSD that is associated with trauma experienced in the community, and effect of changes in diagnostic criteria in DSM-5 on prevalence in the general population, is unknown. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of population-based data from 4558 adults aged 25-83 years resident in Caerphilly county borough, Wales, UK. Exposure to different traumatic events was assessed using categorisation of free-text descriptions of trauma. PTSD caseness was determined using items assessing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) and DSM-5 A criteria and the Traumatic Screening Questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 4558 participants, 1971 (47.0%) reported a traumatic event. The most common DSM-IV A1 qualifying trauma was life-threatening illnesses and injuries (13.6%). The highest risk of PTSD was associated with assaultive violence [34.1%]. The prevalence of PTSD using DSM-IV A criteria was 14.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.8, 15.9%). Using DSM-5 A criteria reduced the prevalence to 8.0 (95% CI = 6.9, 9.4%), primarily due to exclusion of DSM-IV A1 qualifying events, such as life-threatening illnesses. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one-half of a general community sample had experienced a traumatic event and of these around one in seven was a DSM-IV case of PTSD. Although the majority of research has concentrated on combat, rape and assaultive violence, life threatening illness is a more common cause of PTSD in the community. Removal of this traumatic event in DSM-5 could reduce the number of cases of PTSD by around 6.0%.
AIMS: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is typically associated with high-risk population groups, but the risk of PTSD that is associated with trauma experienced in the community, and effect of changes in diagnostic criteria in DSM-5 on prevalence in the general population, is unknown. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of population-based data from 4558 adults aged 25-83 years resident in Caerphilly county borough, Wales, UK. Exposure to different traumatic events was assessed using categorisation of free-text descriptions of trauma. PTSD caseness was determined using items assessing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) and DSM-5 A criteria and the Traumatic Screening Questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 4558 participants, 1971 (47.0%) reported a traumatic event. The most common DSM-IV A1 qualifying trauma was life-threatening illnesses and injuries (13.6%). The highest risk of PTSD was associated with assaultive violence [34.1%]. The prevalence of PTSD using DSM-IV A criteria was 14.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.8, 15.9%). Using DSM-5 A criteria reduced the prevalence to 8.0 (95% CI = 6.9, 9.4%), primarily due to exclusion of DSM-IV A1 qualifying events, such as life-threatening illnesses. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one-half of a general community sample had experienced a traumatic event and of these around one in seven was a DSM-IV case of PTSD. Although the majority of research has concentrated on combat, rape and assaultive violence, life threatening illness is a more common cause of PTSD in the community. Removal of this traumatic event in DSM-5 could reduce the number of cases of PTSD by around 6.0%.
Authors: Jon D Elhai; Megan E Miller; Julian D Ford; Tracey L Biehn; Patrick A Palmieri; B Christopher Frueh Journal: J Anxiety Disord Date: 2011-09-03
Authors: Gerald M Rosen; Scott O Lilienfeld; B Christopher Frueh; Paul R McHugh; Robert L Spitzer Journal: Br J Psychiatry Date: 2010-11 Impact factor: 9.319
Authors: Howard Liu; Maria V Petukhova; Nancy A Sampson; Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola; Jordi Alonso; Laura Helena Andrade; Evelyn J Bromet; Giovanni de Girolamo; Josep Maria Haro; Hristo Hinkov; Norito Kawakami; Karestan C Koenen; Viviane Kovess-Masfety; Sing Lee; Maria Elena Medina-Mora; Fernando Navarro-Mateu; Siobhan O'Neill; Marina Piazza; José Posada-Villa; Kate M Scott; Victoria Shahly; Dan J Stein; Margreet Ten Have; Yolanda Torres; Oye Gureje; Alan M Zaslavsky; Ronald C Kessler Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2017-03-01 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: Susan Doron-LaMarca; Barbara L Niles; Daniel W King; Lynda A King; Anica Pless Kaiser; Michael J Lyons Journal: J Trauma Stress Date: 2015-09-14
Authors: Paula Neumeister; Katharina Feldker; Carina Y Heitmann; Ruth Helmich; Bettina Gathmann; Michael P I Becker; Thomas Straube Journal: Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci Date: 2017-04-01 Impact factor: 3.436