Computer modeling of cardiac rhythm disturbances and heart-pacemaker interaction.

Different computer models have been developed in order to study various aspects of cardiac electrophysiological processes. These models can be classified according to many parameters and also in respect to their application areas. One group of the models is devoted to computer simulation of cardiac rhythm disturbances and to reproduction of interactions between the heart and an artificial pulse generator. This report overviews the recent models of arrhythmias and heart-pacemaker interaction. Special attention is paid to (1) functioning of fundamental model elements, (2) structure of the heart model, (3) pacemaker models, and (4) forms of results offered by simulation experiments. Existing models are classified and compared. To illustrate the medical capability of rhythm and pacemaker models, three computational experiments are presented with model atrioventricular reentry tachycardia and reentry tachycardia mediated by a DDD pacemaker. Future development and utilization of arrhythmia and pacemaker models are briefly discussed.