Josephine Labus1, Sonja Häckel2, Lother Lucka3, Kerstin Danker4. 1. Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: Josephine.labus@charite.de. 2. Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: Sonja.haeckel@charite.de. 3. Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: lothar.lucka@charite.de. 4. Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: kerstin.danker@charite.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The blood-brain barrier is necessary to provide an optimal environment for cerebral function. It consists of endothelial cells that interact through interendothelial tight junctions and form a barrier with low permeability. Therefore, the infiltration of lymphocytes into the central nervous system is limited. Pathological conditions, such as chronic-inflammatory diseases and viral infections, induce a breakdown in the blood-brain barrier, which facilitates the accumulation of immune cells in the brain. NEW METHOD: Using the endothelial cell line "transfected human brain microvascular endothelial cells", we established an improved in vitro blood-brain barrier model. Using interleukin-1β, we refined this model into an inflammatory blood-brain barrier model. RESULTS: The model is characterised by a transendothelial electrical resistance of 250 Ohm cm(2) and a permeability coefficient of 1×10(-6) cm/s for sodium fluorescein. IL-1β induces a strong inflammatory response, resulting in the increased expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα. Furthermore, the transendothelial electrical resistance decreased and the paracellular permeability increased in the presence of IL-1β. Additionally, the expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1 was reduced. As a consequence, an increased number of leukocytes were able to cross the cell layer. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: The model presented here exhibits improved characteristics with regards to TEER and permeability. The influence of IL-1β has not been described before in this model system. CONCLUSION: The inflammatory in vitro blood-brain barrier model provides a useful tool for studying inflammatory processes at the blood-brain barrier, especially processes provoked by IL-1β.
BACKGROUND: The blood-brain barrier is necessary to provide an optimal environment for cerebral function. It consists of endothelial cells that interact through interendothelial tight junctions and form a barrier with low permeability. Therefore, the infiltration of lymphocytes into the central nervous system is limited. Pathological conditions, such as chronic-inflammatory diseases and viral infections, induce a breakdown in the blood-brain barrier, which facilitates the accumulation of immune cells in the brain. NEW METHOD: Using the endothelial cell line "transfected human brain microvascular endothelial cells", we established an improved in vitro blood-brain barrier model. Using interleukin-1β, we refined this model into an inflammatory blood-brain barrier model. RESULTS: The model is characterised by a transendothelial electrical resistance of 250 Ohm cm(2) and a permeability coefficient of 1×10(-6) cm/s for sodium fluorescein. IL-1β induces a strong inflammatory response, resulting in the increased expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα. Furthermore, the transendothelial electrical resistance decreased and the paracellular permeability increased in the presence of IL-1β. Additionally, the expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1 was reduced. As a consequence, an increased number of leukocytes were able to cross the cell layer. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: The model presented here exhibits improved characteristics with regards to TEER and permeability. The influence of IL-1β has not been described before in this model system. CONCLUSION: The inflammatory in vitro blood-brain barrier model provides a useful tool for studying inflammatory processes at the blood-brain barrier, especially processes provoked by IL-1β.
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