Experiments on learning in zebrafish (Danio rerio): a promising model of neurocognitive function.

The past decade has seen rapid proliferation of behavioral research with zebrafish, and an emergence of interest in their potential as a model of neurocognitive function. Already, zebrafish have been proposed as a model of autism, Alzheimer's, drug abuse, schizophrenia, and other disorders involving cognitive dysfunction. Zebrafish have the sophisticated sensory and motor systems necessary for complex learning experiments, and their power as a genetic and developmental model has already been established. Currently, however, learning procedures remain unrefined, and behavioral variability presents a major problem for researchers. Before zebrafish can be effectively used to study the neurological bases of learning, a set of robust and replicable techniques must be characterized and standardized. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview and critique of learning procedures that have been used with zebrafish and their results. We hope that such an analysis will prove useful in this early stage of research to guide future learning experiments and thereby improve the efficiency and validity of research with this promising new animal model.