Mateus Luz Levandowski1, Thiago Wendt Viola2, Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva2, Andréa Wieck3, Saulo Gantes Tractenberg1, Elisa Brietzke4, Moisés E Bauer2, Antônio Lúcio Teixeira5, Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira6. 1. Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 11 Sala 936, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil. 2. Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 11 Sala 936, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690/2° floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. 3. Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690/2° floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. 4. Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Machado Bittencourt, 222, Sao Paulo, SP 04044-000, Brazil. 5. Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil. 6. Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 11 Sala 936, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690/2° floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. Electronic address: rodrigo.grassi@pucrs.br.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Both early life stress (ELS) and substance abuse, especially cocaine, have robust effects on the inflammatory system. Considering the role of the tumor necrosis factor system in inflammatory signaling and its association with ELS, the aim of the study was to compare plasma levels of TNF-alpha, its soluble receptors and ligands during early abstinence of crack cocaine. METHODS: This study included 24 crack cocaine-dependent women with (CRACK-ELS) and 20 without (CRACK) a history of ELS. A healthy control group (HC), containing 25 participants, was included to provide reference values. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) retrospectively assessed childhood maltreatment history of patients. Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), soluble receptors TNFRI (sTNFRI) and TNFRII (sTNFRII) were assessed on the 18th day of treatment. RESULTS: The CRACK-ELS group had higher TNF-alpha and lower TWEAK levels compared to the CRACK and HC groups. sTNFRII was increased, but only in comparison with the crack cocaine group and the controls. TRAIL levels were slightly higher in the CRACK-ELS group, while no differences were found for sTNFRI levels. Also, TNF-alpha plasma level was positively predicted by abstinence severity and childhood maltreatment severity, and TWEAK was negatively predicted by childhood maltreatment severity. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to evaluate the newly secreted tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands, TWEAK and TRAIL, during crack cocaine abstinence, supporting the association between early life stress and peripheral pro-inflammatory levels.
BACKGROUND: Both early life stress (ELS) and substance abuse, especially cocaine, have robust effects on the inflammatory system. Considering the role of the tumor necrosis factor system in inflammatory signaling and its association with ELS, the aim of the study was to compare plasma levels of TNF-alpha, its soluble receptors and ligands during early abstinence of crack cocaine. METHODS: This study included 24 crack cocaine-dependent women with (CRACK-ELS) and 20 without (CRACK) a history of ELS. A healthy control group (HC), containing 25 participants, was included to provide reference values. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) retrospectively assessed childhood maltreatment history of patients. Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), soluble receptors TNFRI (sTNFRI) and TNFRII (sTNFRII) were assessed on the 18th day of treatment. RESULTS: The CRACK-ELS group had higher TNF-alpha and lower TWEAK levels compared to the CRACK and HC groups. sTNFRII was increased, but only in comparison with the crack cocaine group and the controls. TRAIL levels were slightly higher in the CRACK-ELS group, while no differences were found for sTNFRI levels. Also, TNF-alpha plasma level was positively predicted by abstinence severity and childhood maltreatment severity, and TWEAK was negatively predicted by childhood maltreatment severity. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to evaluate the newly secreted tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands, TWEAK and TRAIL, during crack cocaine abstinence, supporting the association between early life stress and peripheral pro-inflammatory levels.
Authors: Prabarna Ganguly; Jennifer A Honeycutt; June R Rowe; Camila Demaestri; Heather C Brenhouse Journal: Brain Behav Immun Date: 2019-01-14 Impact factor: 7.217
Authors: Gabriel Rodrigo Fries; Sarwar Khan; Sydney Stamatovich; Elena Dyukova; Consuelo Walss-Bass; Scott D Lane; Joy M Schmitz; Margaret C Wardle Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-11-08 Impact factor: 3.240