Bianca A Lever-van Milligen1, Nicole Vogelzangs2, Johannes H Smit2, Brenda W J H Penninx3. 1. Department of Psychiatry, EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: b.lever@ggzingeest.nl. 2. Department of Psychiatry, EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Psychiatry, EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Both low and high hemoglobin levels lead to more physical diseases, and both are linked to mortality. Low hemoglobin, often classified as anemia, has also been linked to more depressive symptoms, but whether both hemoglobin extremes are associated with depressive disorder and potentially also with anxiety disorder has not been examined before. This study examines to which extent hemoglobin levels are associated with depression and anxiety disorders in a large cohort. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 2920 persons from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Hemoglobin levels were determined after venipuncture. Depressive and anxiety disorders were determined according to a DSM-IV-based psychiatric interview. Clinical psychiatric characteristics included the severity of depression and anxiety, the duration of symptoms, the age of onset and the antidepressant use. RESULTS: Higher hemoglobin levels were found in those with current depressive and/or anxiety disorders after sociodemographic adjustment and both higher, and lower hemoglobin levels were found in persons with higher depression and anxiety severity. However, after full adjustment for sociodemographics, disease indicators and lifestyle, associations were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: This cohort study showed that there is no independent association between depressive and/or anxiety disorders and hemoglobin levels or anemia status.
OBJECTIVE: Both low and high hemoglobin levels lead to more physical diseases, and both are linked to mortality. Low hemoglobin, often classified as anemia, has also been linked to more depressive symptoms, but whether both hemoglobin extremes are associated with depressive disorder and potentially also with anxiety disorder has not been examined before. This study examines to which extent hemoglobin levels are associated with depression and anxiety disorders in a large cohort. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 2920 persons from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Hemoglobin levels were determined after venipuncture. Depressive and anxiety disorders were determined according to a DSM-IV-based psychiatric interview. Clinical psychiatric characteristics included the severity of depression and anxiety, the duration of symptoms, the age of onset and the antidepressant use. RESULTS: Higher hemoglobin levels were found in those with current depressive and/or anxiety disorders after sociodemographic adjustment and both higher, and lower hemoglobin levels were found in persons with higher depression and anxiety severity. However, after full adjustment for sociodemographics, disease indicators and lifestyle, associations were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: This cohort study showed that there is no independent association between depressive and/or anxiety disorders and hemoglobin levels or anemia status.
Authors: Nastaran Eizadi-Mood; Raana Ahmadi; Sara Babazadeh; Ahmad Yaraghi; Massoumeh Sadeghi; Payam Peymani; Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee Journal: J Res Pharm Pract Date: 2018 Jul-Sep
Authors: Fenglian Xu; Lynette Roberts; Colin Binns; Elizabeth Sullivan; Caroline S E Homer Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2018-07-13 Impact factor: 3.630