Lætitia Laurent1, Florence Anquetil2, Cyril Clavel2, Ndiémé Ndongo-Thiam3, Géraldine Offer1, Pierre Miossec3, Jean-Louis Pasquali4, Mireille Sebbag1, Guy Serre2. 1. Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1056, Toulouse, France Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, CNRS UMR 5165, Toulouse, France Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. 2. Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1056, Toulouse, France Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, CNRS UMR 5165, Toulouse, France Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Laboratory of Cell Biology and Cytology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France. 3. Immunogenomics and inflammation research unit EA 4130, University of Lyon 1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France. 4. CNRS Unité 9021, Laboratory of Immunology and Therapeutical chemistry, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Federative Research Center 1589, Strasbourg, France.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are specifically associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and produced in inflamed synovial membranes where citrullinated fibrin, their antigenic target, is abundant. We showed that immune complexes containing IgG ACPA (ACPA-IC) induce FcγR-mediated tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion in macrophages. Since IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), an autoantibody directed to the Fc fragment of IgG, is also produced and concentrated in the rheumatoid synovial tissue, we evaluated its influence on macrophage stimulation by ACPA-IC. METHODS: With monocyte-derived macrophages from more than 40 healthy individuals and different human IgM cryoglobulins with RF activity, using a previously developed human in vitro model, we evaluated the effect of the incorporation of IgM RF into ACPA-IC. RESULTS: IgM RF induced an important amplification of the TNF-α secretion. This effect was not observed in monocytes and depended on an increase in the number of IgG-engaged FcγR. It extended to the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, was paralleled by IL-8 secretion and was not associated with overwhelming secretion of IL-10 or IL-1Ra. Moreover, the RF-induced increased proinflammatory bioactivity of the cytokine response to ACPA-IC was confirmed by an enhanced, not entirely TNF-dependent, capacity of the secreted cytokine cocktail to prompt IL-6 secretion by RA synoviocytes. CONCLUSIONS: By showing that it can greatly enhance the proinflammatory cytokine response induced in macrophages by the RA-specific ACPA-IC, these results highlight a previously undescribed, FcγR-dependent strong proinflammatory potential of IgM RF. They clarify the pathophysiological link between the presence of ACPA and IgM RF, and RA severity. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
OBJECTIVES: Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are specifically associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and produced in inflamed synovial membranes where citrullinated fibrin, their antigenic target, is abundant. We showed that immune complexes containing IgG ACPA (ACPA-IC) induce FcγR-mediated tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion in macrophages. Since IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), an autoantibody directed to the Fc fragment of IgG, is also produced and concentrated in the rheumatoid synovial tissue, we evaluated its influence on macrophage stimulation by ACPA-IC. METHODS: With monocyte-derived macrophages from more than 40 healthy individuals and different human IgM cryoglobulins with RF activity, using a previously developed human in vitro model, we evaluated the effect of the incorporation of IgM RF into ACPA-IC. RESULTS: IgM RF induced an important amplification of the TNF-α secretion. This effect was not observed in monocytes and depended on an increase in the number of IgG-engaged FcγR. It extended to the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, was paralleled by IL-8 secretion and was not associated with overwhelming secretion of IL-10 or IL-1Ra. Moreover, the RF-induced increased proinflammatory bioactivity of the cytokine response to ACPA-IC was confirmed by an enhanced, not entirely TNF-dependent, capacity of the secreted cytokine cocktail to prompt IL-6 secretion by RA synoviocytes. CONCLUSIONS: By showing that it can greatly enhance the proinflammatory cytokine response induced in macrophages by the RA-specific ACPA-IC, these results highlight a previously undescribed, FcγR-dependent strong proinflammatory potential of IgM RF. They clarify the pathophysiological link between the presence of ACPA and IgM RF, and RA severity. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
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