INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to describe the main features of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), both related to and independent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, in patients who were registered in Tocantins, Brazil. METHODS: Data from 1,779 new patients with VL, 33 of whom were also infected with HIV, were reviewed. RESULTS: The incidence of VL/HIV coinfection increased from 0.32/100,000 inhabitants in 2007 to 1.08/100,000 inhabitants in 2010. VL occurred predominantly in children aged 10 years or younger, while VL/HIV was more common in patients aged between 18 and 50 years. There were more male patients in the VL/HIV group than in the VL group. Relapse rates were also considerably higher in the VL/HIV (9.1%) group than in the VL group (1.5%). Despite a similar clinical presentation, VL/HIV patients exhibited a higher proportion (24.2%) of concomitant infectious diseases and jaundice. Pentavalent antimonials were used for the initial treatment of VL and VL/HIV infections. However, amphotericin B deoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin B were also widely used in the treatment of VL/HIV coinfection. The mortality rate was higher in the VL/HIV coinfection group (19.4%) than in the VL group (5.4%). Furthermore, the mortality rate due to other causes was significantly higher in the VL/HIV group (12.9%) than in the VL group (0.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the incidence, clinical characteristics and outcomes among the VL and VL/HIV patients in this state are similar to those from other endemic regions, indicating that both infections are emerging with increasing frequency in Brazil.
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to describe the main features of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), both related to and independent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, in patients who were registered in Tocantins, Brazil. METHODS: Data from 1,779 new patients with VL, 33 of whom were also infected with HIV, were reviewed. RESULTS: The incidence of VL/HIV coinfection increased from 0.32/100,000 inhabitants in 2007 to 1.08/100,000 inhabitants in 2010. VL occurred predominantly in children aged 10 years or younger, while VL/HIV was more common in patients aged between 18 and 50 years. There were more male patients in the VL/HIV group than in the VL group. Relapse rates were also considerably higher in the VL/HIV (9.1%) group than in the VL group (1.5%). Despite a similar clinical presentation, VL/HIVpatients exhibited a higher proportion (24.2%) of concomitant infectious diseases and jaundice. Pentavalent antimonials were used for the initial treatment of VL and VL/HIV infections. However, amphotericin B deoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin B were also widely used in the treatment of VL/HIV coinfection. The mortality rate was higher in the VL/HIV coinfection group (19.4%) than in the VL group (5.4%). Furthermore, the mortality rate due to other causes was significantly higher in the VL/HIV group (12.9%) than in the VL group (0.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the incidence, clinical characteristics and outcomes among the VL and VL/HIVpatients in this state are similar to those from other endemic regions, indicating that both infections are emerging with increasing frequency in Brazil.
Authors: Diego Lins Guedes; Zulma Medeiros; Elis Dionísio da Silva; Audrey Violeta Martins de Vasconcelos; Mariana Santana da Silva; Maria Almerice Lopes da Silva; Paulo Sérgio Ramos de Araújo; Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2018-12 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Angelita F Druzian; Albert S de Souza; Diogo N de Campos; Julio Croda; Minoru G Higa; Maria Elizabeth C Dorval; Mauricio A Pompilio; Polliana A de Oliveira; Anamaria M M Paniago Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2015-08-14
Authors: Uiara Regina Silva de Lima; Luciano Vanolli; Elizabeth Coelho Moraes; Jorim Severino Ithamar; Conceição de Maria Pedrozo E Silva de Azevedo Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-12-05 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: M A Cunha; B J Celeste; N Kesper; M Fugimori; M M Lago; A S Ibanes; L M Ouki; E A Simões Neto; F F Fonseca; M A L Silva; W L Barbosa Júnior; J A L Lindoso Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2020-11-25 Impact factor: 3.090