BACKGROUND: Preservatives are indispensable agents used to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination of cosmetics, personal care products, domestic preparations, and industrial products. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated patch-test data at the National Skin Centre, Singapore, from 2006 to 2011 to identify the trends in preservative contact allergies. METHODS: All patients with suspected contact dermatitis were patch tested to 4 preservatives within the modified European standard series. Patients were also tested with 7 preservatives from our special series if clinically indicated. RESULTS: Three thousand one hundred seventy-seven patients were tested to preservatives in the standard series. Sensitization frequencies were all greater than 1%: parabens (2.58%), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (1.75%), quaternium 15 (1.43%), and methyldibromoglutaronitrile (1.2%). There was no change in trends in sensitization frequencies from 2006 to 2011, with no increase in sensitization frequency to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone. The sensitization frequencies for methyldibromoglutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol and diazolidinylurea were 2.03% and 1.37%, respectively, and remained less than 1% for bronopol, imidazolidinyl urea, and 2-phenoxyethanol. A rate of 0% was seen for 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin and formaldehyde; 9.4% of positive patch-test results became positive only at day 7. CONCLUSIONS: Preservatives are common causes of allergic contact dermatitis. This should be considered when introducing new preservatives into the market. Day 7 readings are important to detect late reactions.
BACKGROUND: Preservatives are indispensable agents used to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination of cosmetics, personal care products, domestic preparations, and industrial products. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated patch-test data at the National Skin Centre, Singapore, from 2006 to 2011 to identify the trends in preservative contact allergies. METHODS: All patients with suspected contact dermatitis were patch tested to 4 preservatives within the modified European standard series. Patients were also tested with 7 preservatives from our special series if clinically indicated. RESULTS: Three thousand one hundred seventy-seven patients were tested to preservatives in the standard series. Sensitization frequencies were all greater than 1%: parabens (2.58%), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (1.75%), quaternium 15 (1.43%), and methyldibromoglutaronitrile (1.2%). There was no change in trends in sensitization frequencies from 2006 to 2011, with no increase in sensitization frequency to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone. The sensitization frequencies for methyldibromoglutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol and diazolidinylurea were 2.03% and 1.37%, respectively, and remained less than 1% for bronopol, imidazolidinyl urea, and 2-phenoxyethanol. A rate of 0% was seen for 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin and formaldehyde; 9.4% of positive patch-test results became positive only at day 7. CONCLUSIONS: Preservatives are common causes of allergic contact dermatitis. This should be considered when introducing new preservatives into the market. Day 7 readings are important to detect late reactions.
Authors: Amber Reck Atwater; Amy J Petty; Beiyu Liu; Cynthia L Green; Jonathan I Silverberg; Joel G DeKoven; Donald V Belsito; Margo J Reeder; Denis Sasseville; James S Taylor; Howard I Maibach; Matthew J Zirwas; James G Marks; Kathryn A Zug; Joseph F Fowler; Melanie D Pratt; Vincent A DeLeo; Erin M Warshaw Journal: J Am Acad Dermatol Date: 2021-02-09 Impact factor: 15.487
Authors: Niels Hadrup; Marie Frederiksen; Eva B Wedebye; Nikolai G Nikolov; Tanja K Carøe; Jorid B Sørli; Karen B Frydendall; Biase Liguori; Camilla S Sejbaek; Peder Wolkoff; Esben M Flachs; Vivi Schlünssen; Harald W Meyer; Per A Clausen; Karin S Hougaard Journal: J Appl Toxicol Date: 2021-07-11 Impact factor: 3.628