Alice Theadom1, Nicola J Starkey2, Tony Dowell3, Patria A Hume4, Michael Kahan5, Kathryn McPherson6, Valery Feigin7. 1. National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand. Electronic address: alice.theadom@aut.ac.nz. 2. School of Psychology, University of Waikato, New Zealand. 3. Primary Health Care and General Practice, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand. 4. Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Faculty of Health and Environmental Studies, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand. 5. Waikato Occupational Service Ltd., New Zealand. 6. Person Centred Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Environmental Studies, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand. 7. National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence, nature and severity of all sports-related brain injuries in the general population. DESIGN: Population-based epidemiological incidence study. METHODS: Data on all traumatic brain injury events sustained during a sports-related activity were extracted from a dataset of all new traumatic brain injury cases (both fatal and non-fatal), identified over a one-year period in the Hamilton and Waikato districts of New Zealand. Prospective and retrospective case ascertainment methods from multiple sources were used. All age groups and levels of traumatic brain injury severity were included. Details of the registering injuries and recurrent injuries sustained over the subsequent year were obtained through medical/accident records and assessment interviews with participants. RESULTS: Of 1369 incident traumatic brain injury cases, 291 were identified as being sustained during a sports-related activity (21% of all traumatic brain injuries) equating to an incidence rate of 170 per 100,000 of the general population. Recurrent injuries occurred more frequently in adults (11%) than children (5%). Of the sports-related injuries 46% were classified as mild with a high risk of complications. Injuries were most frequently sustained during rugby, cycling and equestrian activities. It was revealed that up to 19% of traumatic brain injuries were not recorded in medical notes. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high incidence of new and recurrent traumatic brain injury and the high risk of complications following injury, further sport specific injury prevention strategies are urgently needed to reduce the impact of traumatic brain injury and facilitate safer engagement in sports activities. The high levels of 'missed' traumatic brain injuries, highlights the importance in raising awareness of traumatic brain injury during sports-related activity in the general population.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence, nature and severity of all sports-related brain injuries in the general population. DESIGN: Population-based epidemiological incidence study. METHODS: Data on all traumatic brain injury events sustained during a sports-related activity were extracted from a dataset of all new traumatic brain injury cases (both fatal and non-fatal), identified over a one-year period in the Hamilton and Waikato districts of New Zealand. Prospective and retrospective case ascertainment methods from multiple sources were used. All age groups and levels of traumatic brain injury severity were included. Details of the registering injuries and recurrent injuries sustained over the subsequent year were obtained through medical/accident records and assessment interviews with participants. RESULTS: Of 1369 incident traumatic brain injury cases, 291 were identified as being sustained during a sports-related activity (21% of all traumatic brain injuries) equating to an incidence rate of 170 per 100,000 of the general population. Recurrent injuries occurred more frequently in adults (11%) than children (5%). Of the sports-related injuries 46% were classified as mild with a high risk of complications. Injuries were most frequently sustained during rugby, cycling and equestrian activities. It was revealed that up to 19% of traumatic brain injuries were not recorded in medical notes. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high incidence of new and recurrent traumatic brain injury and the high risk of complications following injury, further sport specific injury prevention strategies are urgently needed to reduce the impact of traumatic brain injury and facilitate safer engagement in sports activities. The high levels of 'missed' traumatic brain injuries, highlights the importance in raising awareness of traumatic brain injury during sports-related activity in the general population.
Authors: Patria A Hume; Alice Theadom; Gwyn N Lewis; Kenneth L Quarrie; Scott R Brown; Rosamund Hill; Stephen W Marshall Journal: Sports Med Date: 2017-06 Impact factor: 11.136
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