Diagnosis and treatment of glomerular diseases in elderly patients.

Glomerular diseases are common in elderly patients and are a major cause of kidney failure. Most glomerular diseases in the elderly are caused by chronic systemic diseases, including arterial hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerotic vascular diseases, although acute systemic vasculitis, especially anti-neutrophil-cytoplamic-antibody-mediated vasculitis, and membranous nephropathy related to malignancy, drug toxicity, and idiopathic form also occur often. Complex age-related changes and sensitivity to drug toxicity can render diagnosis and treatment for elderly patients challenging. As the general population is aging and the rate of CKD rising, updating knowledge on managing these patients is critical for care providers. We provide a comprehensive review and update of the diagnosis and treatment of glomerular diseases in the elderly.