High intrinsic mechanical flexibility of mouse prion nanofibrils revealed by measurements of axial and radial Young's moduli.

Self-templated protein aggregation and intracerebral deposition of aggregates, sometimes in the form of amyloid fibrils, is a hallmark of mammalian prion diseases. What distinguishes amyloid fibrils formed by prions from those formed by other proteins is not clear. On the basis of previous studies on yeast prions that correlated high intrinsic fragmentation rates of fibrils with prion propagation efficiency, it has been hypothesized that the nanomechanical properties of prion amyloid such as strength and elastic modulus may be the distinguishing feature. Here, we reveal that fibrils formed by mammalian prions are relatively soft and clearly in a different class of rigidities when compared to nanofibrils formed by nonprions. We found that amyloid fibrils made of both wild-type and mutant mouse recombinant PrP(23-231) have remarkably low axial elastic moduli of 0.1-1.4 GPa. We demonstrate that even the proteinase K resistant core of these fibrils has similarly low intrinsic rigidities. Using a new mode of atomic force microscopy called AM-FM mode, we estimated the radial modulus of PrP fibrils at ∼0.6 GPa, consistent with the axial moduli derived by using an ensemble method. Our results have far-reaching implications for the understanding of protein-based infectivity and the design of amyloid biomaterials.