Michael J Kofler1, R Matt Alderson2, Joseph S Raiker3, Jennifer Bolden4, Dustin E Sarver5, Mark D Rapport3. 1. Department of Human Services, University of Virginia. 2. Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University. 3. Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 5. Curry School of Education, University of Virginia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The current study examined competing predictions of the default mode, cognitive neuroenergetic, and functional working memory models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) regarding the relation between neurocognitive impairments in working memory and intraindividual variability. METHOD: Twenty-two children with ADHD and 15 typically developing children were assessed on multiple tasks measuring intraindividual reaction time (RT) variability (ex-Gaussian: tau, sigma) and central executive (CE) working memory. Latent factor scores based on multiple, counterbalanced tasks were created for each construct of interest (CE, tau, sigma) to reflect reliable variance associated with each construct and remove task-specific, test-retest, and random error. RESULTS: Bias-corrected, bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that CE working memory accounted for 88% to 100% of ADHD-related RT variability across models, and between-group differences in RT variability were no longer detectable after accounting for the mediating role of CE working memory. In contrast, RT variability accounted for 10% to 29% of between-group differences in CE working memory, and large magnitude CE working memory deficits remained after accounting for this partial mediation. Statistical comparison of effect size estimates across models suggests directionality of effects, such that the mediation effects of CE working memory on RT variability were significantly greater than the mediation effects of RT variability on CE working memory. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings question the role of RT variability as a primary neurocognitive indicator in ADHD and suggest that ADHD-related RT variability may be secondary to underlying deficits in CE working memory.
OBJECTIVE: The current study examined competing predictions of the default mode, cognitive neuroenergetic, and functional working memory models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) regarding the relation between neurocognitive impairments in working memory and intraindividual variability. METHOD: Twenty-two children with ADHD and 15 typically developing children were assessed on multiple tasks measuring intraindividual reaction time (RT) variability (ex-Gaussian: tau, sigma) and central executive (CE) working memory. Latent factor scores based on multiple, counterbalanced tasks were created for each construct of interest (CE, tau, sigma) to reflect reliable variance associated with each construct and remove task-specific, test-retest, and random error. RESULTS: Bias-corrected, bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that CE working memory accounted for 88% to 100% of ADHD-related RT variability across models, and between-group differences in RT variability were no longer detectable after accounting for the mediating role of CE working memory. In contrast, RT variability accounted for 10% to 29% of between-group differences in CE working memory, and large magnitude CE working memory deficits remained after accounting for this partial mediation. Statistical comparison of effect size estimates across models suggests directionality of effects, such that the mediation effects of CE working memory on RT variability were significantly greater than the mediation effects of RT variability on CE working memory. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings question the role of RT variability as a primary neurocognitive indicator in ADHD and suggest that ADHD-related RT variability may be secondary to underlying deficits in CE working memory.
Authors: Michael J Kofler; Dustin E Sarver; Sherelle L Harmon; Allison Moltisanti; Paula A Aduen; Elia F Soto; Nicole Ferretti Journal: J Child Psychol Psychiatry Date: 2017-07-17 Impact factor: 8.982
Authors: Michael J Kofler; Dustin E Sarver; Jamie A Spiegel; Taylor N Day; Sherelle L Harmon; Erica L Wells Journal: Child Neuropsychol Date: 2016-07-29 Impact factor: 2.500
Authors: Mileini Campez; Joseph S Raiker; Dustin E Sarver; Lauren M Friedman; Sarah A Orban; Mark D Rapport Journal: J Psychopathol Behav Assess Date: 2019-11-27