Cerebral ischemia in children and young adults.

Cerebral ischemia is very rare in children and young adults. There can be a multitude of causes; in many cases etiology remains undetermined. We report here on 7 cases, 11 to 25 years of age. Pathogenetic factors (lupus erythematodes, endocarditis, fibromuscular dysplasia) and risk factors (cigarette smoking, oral contraceptives) were found in 5 patients whereas in 2 cases the etiology was not determinable. Three patients were treated with low weight dextrans, two patients received prostaglandin E1, and in 2 cases regional thrombolysis was performed. Three female patients died, two with occlusions of the rostral part of the basilar artery and one with an occlusion of the carotid artery and lupus erythematodes as the primary disease. Long-term observations of the surviving patients showed good recovery from neurological deficits. Prognosis quoad sanationem seems better in this age group than in elderly patients.