Milo Engoren1, Thomas A Schwann2, Robert H Habib3. 1. Department of Anesthesiology, Mercy St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA engoren@pol.net. 2. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine Toledo, OH, USA Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Mercy St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA. 3. Outcomes Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.