Christopher Gale1, E Louise Thomas, Suzan Jeffries, Giuliana Durighel, Karen M Logan, James R C Parkinson, Sabita Uthaya, Shalini Santhakumaran, Jimmy D Bell, Neena Modi. 1. Section of Neonatal Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (CG, SJ, KML, JRCP, SU, SS, and NM); the Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (ELT and JDB); and the Robert Steiner MRI Unit, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (GD).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effect of mode of infant feeding on adiposity deposition is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the hypothesis that differences in total and regional adipose tissue content and intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) arise in early infancy between breast- and formula-fed infants and to describe longitudinal changes. DESIGN: This prospective longitudinal cohort study was performed in 2 hospitals in the United Kingdom. Healthy, full-term, appropriate weight-for-gestational age infants were recruited; adipose tissue volume and distribution were directly quantified by using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging; IHCL was assessed by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Measurements were performed after birth (median age: 13 d) and at 6-12 wk of age. Method of infant feeding was recorded prospectively by using maternally completed feeding diaries. Breastfed was defined as >80% of feeds consisting of breast milk at both points; formula-fed was defined as >80% of feeds consisting of formula milk at both points. RESULTS: Longitudinal results were obtained from 70 infants (36 breastfed, 9 mixed-fed, and 25 formula-fed). No differences were found in total or regional adipose tissue or IHCL between breastfed and formula-fed infants. In pooled analyses including all feeding groups, IHCL and total adipose tissue approximately doubled between birth and 6-12 wk: IHCL after birth (median: 0.949; IQR: 0.521-1.711) and at 6-12 wk (1.828; 1.376-2.697; P < 0.001) and total adipose tissue after birth (0.749 L; 0.620-0.928 L) and at 6-12 wk (1.547 L; 1.332-1.790 L; P < 0.001). Increasing adiposity was characterized by greater relative increases in subcutaneous than in internal adipose tissue depots. CONCLUSIONS: No differences were detectable in adipose tissue or IHCL accretion between breastfed and formula-fed infants up to 2 mo. The substantial increase in IHCL seen over this period in both breastfed and formula-fed infants is a novel observation, which suggests that hepatic storage of lipids may be physiologic up to 2 mo. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02033005.
BACKGROUND: The effect of mode of infant feeding on adiposity deposition is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the hypothesis that differences in total and regional adipose tissue content and intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) arise in early infancy between breast- and formula-fed infants and to describe longitudinal changes. DESIGN: This prospective longitudinal cohort study was performed in 2 hospitals in the United Kingdom. Healthy, full-term, appropriate weight-for-gestational age infants were recruited; adipose tissue volume and distribution were directly quantified by using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging; IHCL was assessed by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Measurements were performed after birth (median age: 13 d) and at 6-12 wk of age. Method of infant feeding was recorded prospectively by using maternally completed feeding diaries. Breastfed was defined as >80% of feeds consisting of breast milk at both points; formula-fed was defined as >80% of feeds consisting of formula milk at both points. RESULTS: Longitudinal results were obtained from 70 infants (36 breastfed, 9 mixed-fed, and 25 formula-fed). No differences were found in total or regional adipose tissue or IHCL between breastfed and formula-fed infants. In pooled analyses including all feeding groups, IHCL and total adipose tissue approximately doubled between birth and 6-12 wk: IHCL after birth (median: 0.949; IQR: 0.521-1.711) and at 6-12 wk (1.828; 1.376-2.697; P < 0.001) and total adipose tissue after birth (0.749 L; 0.620-0.928 L) and at 6-12 wk (1.547 L; 1.332-1.790 L; P < 0.001). Increasing adiposity was characterized by greater relative increases in subcutaneous than in internal adipose tissue depots. CONCLUSIONS: No differences were detectable in adipose tissue or IHCL accretion between breastfed and formula-fed infants up to 2 mo. The substantial increase in IHCL seen over this period in both breastfed and formula-fed infants is a novel observation, which suggests that hepatic storage of lipids may be physiologic up to 2 mo. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02033005.
Authors: Katherine A Bell; Carol L Wagner; Henry A Feldman; Roman J Shypailo; Mandy B Belfort Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2017-06-28 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Stephanie R Wesolowski; Karim C El Kasmi; Karen R Jonscher; Jacob E Friedman Journal: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol Date: 2016-10-26 Impact factor: 46.802
Authors: C Gale; K M Logan; S Jeffries; J R C Parkinson; S Santhakumaran; S Uthaya; G Durighel; A Alavi; E L Thomas; J D Bell; N Modi Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2015-01-23 Impact factor: 5.095