Sinan Tan1, Nuray Gülden Tangal2, Mine Kanat-Pektas3, Ayşenur Sirin Özcan2, Hüseyin Levent Keskin4, Gökçe Akgündüz2, Mehmet Akif Teber5, Halil Arslan2. 1. Ankara Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey, E-mail: drsinantan@gmail.com. 2. Ankara Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey. 3. Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey. 4. Ankara Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey. 5. Etlik Ihtisas Research and Education Hospital, Department of Radiology4, Ankara, Turkey.
Abstract
AIMS: The present study aimed to determine whether yolk sacs with abnormal sonographic appearance are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in both early and late gestation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 305 viable singleton pregnancies with gestational age of 6 to 9 weeks were prospectively evaluated with respect to perinatal outcomes and sonographic characteristics of the yolk sacs. RESULTS: An abnormal yolk sac was found in 66 pregnancies. In pregnancies with enlarged yolk sacs a miscarriage occurred in 37.5% of cases (3/8). The pregnancies with a yolk sac diameter >/= 5 mm had a significantly higher risk of miscarriage (p = 0.005). The risk of miscarriage was statistically similar between the pregnancies with regular and those with irregular yolk sacs (p = 0.73). Miscarriage occurred in 3.8% of pregnancies with irregular yolk sacs (2/52) and none of pregnancies with echogenic yolk sacs (0/6). Adverse perinatal outcomes were not associated with either irregular or echogenic yolk sacs. CONCLUSIONS: An enlarged yolk sac visualized before the 7th week of gestation is strongly associated with a significantly increased risk for spontaneous miscarriage. The presence of an echogenic or irregular yolk sac appears to be unrelated to adverse perinatal outcome.
AIMS: The present study aimed to determine whether yolk sacs with abnormal sonographic appearance are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in both early and late gestation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 305 viable singleton pregnancies with gestational age of 6 to 9 weeks were prospectively evaluated with respect to perinatal outcomes and sonographic characteristics of the yolk sacs. RESULTS: An abnormal yolk sac was found in 66 pregnancies. In pregnancies with enlarged yolk sacs a miscarriage occurred in 37.5% of cases (3/8). The pregnancies with a yolk sac diameter >/= 5 mm had a significantly higher risk of miscarriage (p = 0.005). The risk of miscarriage was statistically similar between the pregnancies with regular and those with irregular yolk sacs (p = 0.73). Miscarriage occurred in 3.8% of pregnancies with irregular yolk sacs (2/52) and none of pregnancies with echogenic yolk sacs (0/6). Adverse perinatal outcomes were not associated with either irregular or echogenic yolk sacs. CONCLUSIONS: An enlarged yolk sac visualized before the 7th week of gestation is strongly associated with a significantly increased risk for spontaneous miscarriage. The presence of an echogenic or irregular yolk sac appears to be unrelated to adverse perinatal outcome.
Authors: Alberto Borges Peixoto; Taciana Mara Rodrigues da Cunha Caldas; Caetano Galvão Petrini; Ana Cecília Palma Romero; Luciano Eliziário Borges Júnior; Wellington P Martins; Edward Araujo Júnior Journal: Ultrasonography Date: 2018-03-17
Authors: Laura Detti; Ludwig Francillon; Mary E Christiansen; Irene Peregrin-Alvarez; Patricia J Goeske; Zoran Bursac; Robert A Roman Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2020-01-31 Impact factor: 4.379