Meng Wang1, Rob Beelen2, Massimo Stafoggia3, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen4, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen5, Barbara Hoffmann6, Paul Fischer7, Danny Houthuijs7, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen8, Gudrun Weinmayr9, Paolo Vineis10, Wei W Xun11, Konstantina Dimakopoulou12, Evangelia Samoli12, Tiina Laatikainen13, Timo Lanki14, Anu W Turunen14, Bente Oftedal15, Per Schwarze15, Geir Aamodt15, Johanna Penell16, Ulf De Faire16, Michal Korek16, Karin Leander16, Göran Pershagen16, Nancy L Pedersen17, Claes-Göran Östenson18, Laura Fratiglioni19, Kirsten Thorup Eriksen4, Mette Sørensen4, Anne Tjønneland4, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita20, Marloes Eeftens21, Michiel L Bots22, Kees Meliefste2, Ursula Krämer23, Joachim Heinrich24, Dorothea Sugiri23, Timothy Key25, Kees de Hoogh26, Kathrin Wolf27, Annette Peters27, Josef Cyrys28, Andrea Jaensch29, Hans Concin30, Gabriele Nagel31, Ming-Yi Tsai32, Harish Phuleria32, Alex Ineichen32, Nino Künzli32, Nicole Probst-Hensch32, Emmanuel Schaffner32, Alice Vilier33, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon33, Christophe Declerq34, Fulvio Ricceri35, Carlotta Sacerdote36, Alessandro Marcon37, Claudia Galassi36, Enrica Migliore36, Andrea Ranzi38, Giulia Cesaroni3, Chiara Badaloni3, Francesco Forastiere3, Michail Katsoulis39, Antonia Trichopoulou39, Menno Keuken40, Aleksandra Jedynska40, Ingeborg M Kooter40, Jaakko Kukkonen41, Ranjeet S Sokhi42, Bert Brunekreef43, Klea Katsouyanni12, Gerard Hoek2. 1. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: M.Wang@uu.nl. 2. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy. 4. Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. 5. Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Epidemiology and Screening, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 6. IUF, Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. 7. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. 8. Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. 9. University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. 10. MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. 11. MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; University College London, London, United Kingdom. 12. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 13. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 14. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland. 15. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. 16. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 17. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 18. Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 19. Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 20. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. 21. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 22. Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 23. IUF, Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany. 24. Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center of Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. 25. Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. 26. MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. 27. Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. 28. Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; University of Augsburg, Environmental Science Center, Augsburg, Germany. 29. Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. 30. Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria. 31. Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria. 32. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 33. Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France; IGR, Villejuif, France. 34. French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS) 12, Saint-Maurice, France. 35. Human Genetics Foundation - HuGeF, Turin, Italy. 36. Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, AO Citta' della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin and Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy. 37. Unit of Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Italy. 38. Environmental Health Reference Centre, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention of Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Italy. 39. Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece. 40. TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 41. Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland. 42. University of Hertfordshire College Lane, Hatfield, United Kingdom. 43. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Associations between long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality have been widely recognized. However, health effects of long-term exposure to constituents of PM on total CVD mortality have been explored in a single study only. AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine the association of PM composition with cardiovascular mortality. METHODS: We used data from 19 European ongoing cohorts within the framework of the ESCAPE (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) and TRANSPHORM (Transport related Air Pollution and Health impacts--Integrated Methodologies for Assessing Particulate Matter) projects. Residential annual average exposure to elemental constituents within particle matter smaller than 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10) was estimated using Land Use Regression models. Eight elements representing major sources were selected a priori (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium and zinc). Cohort-specific analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards models with a standardized protocol. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate combined effect estimates. RESULTS: The total population consisted of 322,291 participants, with 9545 CVD deaths. We found no statistically significant associations between any of the elemental constituents in PM2.5 or PM10 and CVD mortality in the pooled analysis. Most of the hazard ratios (HRs) were close to unity, e.g. for PM10 Fe the combined HR was 0.96 (0.84-1.09). Elevated combined HRs were found for PM2.5 Si (1.17, 95% CI: 0.93-1.47), and S in PM2.5 (1.08, 95% CI: 0.95-1.22) and PM10 (1.09, 95% CI: 0.90-1.32). CONCLUSION: In a joint analysis of 19 European cohorts, we found no statistically significant association between long-term exposure to 8 elemental constituents of particles and total cardiovascular mortality.
BACKGROUND: Associations between long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality have been widely recognized. However, health effects of long-term exposure to constituents of PM on total CVD mortality have been explored in a single study only. AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine the association of PM composition with cardiovascular mortality. METHODS: We used data from 19 European ongoing cohorts within the framework of the ESCAPE (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) and TRANSPHORM (Transport related Air Pollution and Health impacts--Integrated Methodologies for Assessing Particulate Matter) projects. Residential annual average exposure to elemental constituents within particle matter smaller than 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10) was estimated using Land Use Regression models. Eight elements representing major sources were selected a priori (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium and zinc). Cohort-specific analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards models with a standardized protocol. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate combined effect estimates. RESULTS: The total population consisted of 322,291 participants, with 9545 CVD deaths. We found no statistically significant associations between any of the elemental constituents in PM2.5 or PM10 and CVD mortality in the pooled analysis. Most of the hazard ratios (HRs) were close to unity, e.g. for PM10 Fe the combined HR was 0.96 (0.84-1.09). Elevated combined HRs were found for PM2.5 Si (1.17, 95% CI: 0.93-1.47), and S in PM2.5 (1.08, 95% CI: 0.95-1.22) and PM10 (1.09, 95% CI: 0.90-1.32). CONCLUSION: In a joint analysis of 19 European cohorts, we found no statistically significant association between long-term exposure to 8 elemental constituents of particles and total cardiovascular mortality.
Authors: Jie Chen; Gerard Hoek; Kees de Hoogh; Sophia Rodopoulou; Zorana J Andersen; Tom Bellander; Jørgen Brandt; Daniela Fecht; Francesco Forastiere; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Barbara Hoffmann; Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt; W M Monique Verschuren; Karl-Heinz Jöckel; Jeanette T Jørgensen; Klea Katsouyanni; Matthias Ketzel; Diego Yacamán Méndez; Karin Leander; Shuo Liu; Petter Ljungman; Elodie Faure; Patrik K E Magnusson; Gabriele Nagel; Göran Pershagen; Annette Peters; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Debora Rizzuto; Evangelia Samoli; Yvonne T van der Schouw; Sara Schramm; Gianluca Severi; Massimo Stafoggia; Maciej Strak; Mette Sørensen; Anne Tjønneland; Gudrun Weinmayr; Kathrin Wolf; Emanuel Zitt; Bert Brunekreef; George D Thurston Journal: Environ Sci Technol Date: 2022-06-23 Impact factor: 11.357
Authors: Pierre Masselot; Francesco Sera; Rochelle Schneider; Haidong Kan; Éric Lavigne; Massimo Stafoggia; Aurelio Tobias; Hong Chen; Richard T Burnett; Joel Schwartz; Antonella Zanobetti; Michelle L Bell; Bing-Yu Chen; Yue-Liang Leon Guo; Martina S Ragettli; Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera; Christofer Åström; Bertil Forsberg; Carmen Íñiguez; Rebecca M Garland; Noah Scovronick; Joana Madureira; Baltazar Nunes; César De la Cruz Valencia; Magali Hurtado Diaz; Yasushi Honda; Masahiro Hashizume; Chris Fook Cheng Ng; Evangelia Samoli; Klea Katsouyanni; Alexandra Schneider; Susanne Breitner; Niilo R I Ryti; Jouni J K Jaakkola; Marek Maasikmets; Hans Orru; Yuming Guo; Nicolás Valdés Ortega; Patricia Matus Correa; Shilu Tong; Antonio Gasparrini Journal: Epidemiology Date: 2022-03-01 Impact factor: 4.860
Authors: Sun-Young Kim; Lianne Sheppard; Joel D Kaufman; Silas Bergen; Adam A Szpiro; Timothy V Larson; Sara D Adar; Ana V Diez Roux; Joseph F Polak; Sverre Vedal Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2014-08-26 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Vincenzo Minganti; Giuliana Drava; Paolo Giordani; Paola Malaspina; Paolo Modenesi Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2016-03-22 Impact factor: 4.223