High expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 predicts poor outcome in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group.

Deregulated cytokine signaling is a characteristic feature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and expression signatures of cytokines and chemokines have been identified as a significant prognostic factor in this disease. Given this aberrant signaling, we hypothesized that expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 (SOCS2), a negative regulator of cytokine signaling, might be altered in AML and could provide predictive information. Among 188 participants of the Children's Oncology Group AAML03P1 trial, SOCS2 mRNA levels varied > 6000-fold. Higher (> median) SOCS2 expression was associated with inferior overall (60 ± 10% vs. 75 ± 9%, p = 0.026) and event-free (44 ± 10% vs. 59 ± 10%, p = 0.031) survival. However, these differences were accounted for by higher prevalence of high-risk and lower prevalence of low-risk disease among patients with higher SOCS2 expression, limiting the clinical utility of SOCS2 as a predictive marker. It remains untested whether high SOCS2 expression identifies a subset of leukemias with deregulated cytokine signaling that could be amenable to therapeutic intervention.