BACKGROUND/AIMS: Drusen, the pathognomonic lesion of age-related macular degeneration, are dynamic and undergo both growth and regression. Using histochemistry to localise esterified cholesterol (EC), we investigated small drusen to discover signs of dynamism. METHODS: Flat mounts of Bruch's membrane were prepared from peripheral retinas of six donor eyes without chorioretinal pathology that were preserved within 6 h of death. Tissues were pretreated with ethanol to extract native unesterified cholesterol, incubated with cholesterol esterase and stained with filipin to bind unesterified cholesterol that was newly released by hydrolysis. Tissues were imaged with wide-field epifluorescence microscopy. Diameters were measured and internal substructures (shells, lakes) assessed using previous descriptors. RESULTS: Of 676 drusen with mean diameter of 26.87 µm, 41.6% were stained homogeneously and 45.7% had lakes of pooled EC. Clusters of 2-7 drusen with similar staining patterns accounted for 25.3% of drusen. Increased EC content near the druse rim (shells) occurred in 10.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Over half of very small drusen at the edge of clinical detectability have evidence for internal remodelling, suggesting that both formative and removal events are present early in the druse lifecycle.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Drusen, the pathognomonic lesion of age-related macular degeneration, are dynamic and undergo both growth and regression. Using histochemistry to localise esterified cholesterol (EC), we investigated small drusen to discover signs of dynamism. METHODS: Flat mounts of Bruch's membrane were prepared from peripheral retinas of six donor eyes without chorioretinal pathology that were preserved within 6 h of death. Tissues were pretreated with ethanol to extract native unesterified cholesterol, incubated with cholesterol esterase and stained with filipin to bind unesterified cholesterol that was newly released by hydrolysis. Tissues were imaged with wide-field epifluorescence microscopy. Diameters were measured and internal substructures (shells, lakes) assessed using previous descriptors. RESULTS: Of 676 drusen with mean diameter of 26.87 µm, 41.6% were stained homogeneously and 45.7% had lakes of pooled EC. Clusters of 2-7 drusen with similar staining patterns accounted for 25.3% of drusen. Increased EC content near the druse rim (shells) occurred in 10.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Over half of very small drusen at the edge of clinical detectability have evidence for internal remodelling, suggesting that both formative and removal events are present early in the druse lifecycle.
Authors: Richard B Thompson; Valentina Reffatto; Jacob G Bundy; Elod Kortvely; Jane M Flinn; Antonio Lanzirotti; Emrys A Jones; David S McPhail; Sarah Fearn; Karsten Boldt; Marius Ueffing; Savanjeet Guy Singh Ratu; Laurenz Pauleikhoff; Alan C Bird; Imre Lengyel Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2015-01-20 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Ronald Klein; Chelsea E Myers; Kristine E Lee; Ronald E Gangnon; Theru A Sivakumaran; Sudha K Iyengar; Barbara E K Klein Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2015-03 Impact factor: 4.241
Authors: Astrid Zayas-Santiago; Samuel D Cross; James B Stanton; Alan D Marmorstein; Lihua Y Marmorstein Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2017-06-01 Impact factor: 4.799