Lene Tandle Lyngstad1, Bente Silnes Tandberg2, Hanne Storm3, Birgitte Lenes Ekeberg2, Atle Moen2. 1. Department of Pediatrics, NICU, Drammen Hospital, Norway; Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Norway. Electronic address: Lene.Tandle@Vestreviken.no. 2. Department of Pediatrics, NICU, Drammen Hospital, Norway; Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Norway. 3. The Skills Simulation Center, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Skin-to-skin contact reduces pain response in preterm infants subjected to minor painful procedures, such as heel lance. Diaper change is a procedure performed several times daily in hospitalized preterm infants. Routine care giving tasks such as diaper change may be stressful for the infant. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether diaper change induces stress and if skin-to-skin contact could reduce such stress, measured by changes in skin conductance. STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized crossover pilot study in 19 preterm infants with gestational age between 28 and 34 weeks. The diaper change procedure was done twice in each infant, once during skin-to-skin contact, and once in incubator or bed with the mother present. OUTCOME MEASURES: During diaper change heart rate (HR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and changes in skin conductance (SC) peaks per sec, using the Skin Conductance Algesimeter (SCA), were registered. RESULTS: The mean SC peaks/sec increased/decreased significantly under/after change of diapers which thereby underpins that this is a stressful procedure for the preterm infant. Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) entails significantly lower stress levels (p<0.05) compared to diaper changed in an incubator/bed measured by the SCA. CONCLUSIONS: Diaper change is a stressful procedure for preterm infants and may be ameliorated by skin-to-skin contact.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Skin-to-skin contact reduces pain response in preterm infants subjected to minor painful procedures, such as heel lance. Diaper change is a procedure performed several times daily in hospitalized preterm infants. Routine care giving tasks such as diaper change may be stressful for the infant. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether diaper change induces stress and if skin-to-skin contact could reduce such stress, measured by changes in skin conductance. STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized crossover pilot study in 19 preterm infants with gestational age between 28 and 34 weeks. The diaper change procedure was done twice in each infant, once during skin-to-skin contact, and once in incubator or bed with the mother present. OUTCOME MEASURES: During diaper change heart rate (HR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and changes in skin conductance (SC) peaks per sec, using the Skin Conductance Algesimeter (SCA), were registered. RESULTS: The mean SC peaks/sec increased/decreased significantly under/after change of diapers which thereby underpins that this is a stressful procedure for the preterm infant. Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) entails significantly lower stress levels (p<0.05) compared to diaper changed in an incubator/bed measured by the SCA. CONCLUSIONS: Diaper change is a stressful procedure for preterm infants and may be ameliorated by skin-to-skin contact.
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