Dongmin Li1, Lu Wang1, Wen Lin2, Peilong Li1, Lan Wang1, Wei Guo1, Lin Ge1, Zhengwei Ding1, Yan Cui1, Ning Wang3. 1. Division of Epidemiology, National Center for Acquired Immune Definciency Syndrome/Sexually Transmitted Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China. 2. Santa Clara County Public Health Department, California 95126, USA. 3. Division of Epidemiology, National Center for Acquired Immune Definciency Syndrome/Sexually Transmitted Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China. Email: wangnbj@163.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Female sex workers (FSW) were high-risk population for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) earlier, and now are an important driver of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in China. Sentinel surveillance for FSW was set up to monitor the trend of HIV prevalence and risk behavior-related HIV infection. This study collected the data on street-based FSW from HIV sentinel surveillance system to understand HIV and syphilis infections, risk behaviors, and intervention in China from 2010 to 2012. METHODS: The study population was the street-based FSW who were recruited for the national HIV integrated biological and behavioral surveillance between 2010 and 2012. Demographic information, HIV-related risk behaviors, and HIV and syphilis testing results were described and trend analysis was performed. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2012, the number of street-based FSW surveyed was 3725, 3425, and 3335, respectively. HIV knowledge awareness rate significantly increased from 74.6% in 2010 to 76.8% in 2011 and 82.2% in 2012 (P < 0.01). More FSW consistently used condom in the last month (49.0% in 2010; 51.0% in 2011; and 59.0% in 2012) and in the last commercial sex (72.0% in 2010; 78.5% in 2011; and 80.0% in 2012) over time. The proportions of individuals who received HIV testing in the last year were 31.2% (2010), 37.0% (2011), and 36.9% (2012) (P-trend <0.01). HIV prevalence rate changed from 1.5% in 2010 to 1.4% in 2011 and 2.3% in 2012 (P-trend = 0.01). Syphilis prevalence rate was 6.9%, 7.2%, and 7.1% in the same period. The top three provinces with the highest average HIV prevalence rates over the 3 years were Guangxi (5.9%), Yunnan (4.2%), and Sichuan (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Street-based FSW are at high risk of HIV and syphilis infections. Intervention efforts need to target streetbased FSW who are of old age and minority, who use illicit drugs and have syphilis infection.
BACKGROUND: Female sex workers (FSW) were high-risk population for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) earlier, and now are an important driver of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in China. Sentinel surveillance for FSW was set up to monitor the trend of HIV prevalence and risk behavior-related HIV infection. This study collected the data on street-based FSW from HIV sentinel surveillance system to understand HIV and syphilis infections, risk behaviors, and intervention in China from 2010 to 2012. METHODS: The study population was the street-based FSW who were recruited for the national HIV integrated biological and behavioral surveillance between 2010 and 2012. Demographic information, HIV-related risk behaviors, and HIV and syphilis testing results were described and trend analysis was performed. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2012, the number of street-based FSW surveyed was 3725, 3425, and 3335, respectively. HIV knowledge awareness rate significantly increased from 74.6% in 2010 to 76.8% in 2011 and 82.2% in 2012 (P < 0.01). More FSW consistently used condom in the last month (49.0% in 2010; 51.0% in 2011; and 59.0% in 2012) and in the last commercial sex (72.0% in 2010; 78.5% in 2011; and 80.0% in 2012) over time. The proportions of individuals who received HIV testing in the last year were 31.2% (2010), 37.0% (2011), and 36.9% (2012) (P-trend <0.01). HIV prevalence rate changed from 1.5% in 2010 to 1.4% in 2011 and 2.3% in 2012 (P-trend = 0.01). Syphilis prevalence rate was 6.9%, 7.2%, and 7.1% in the same period. The top three provinces with the highest average HIV prevalence rates over the 3 years were Guangxi (5.9%), Yunnan (4.2%), and Sichuan (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Street-based FSW are at high risk of HIV and syphilis infections. Intervention efforts need to target streetbased FSW who are of old age and minority, who use illicit drugs and have syphilis infection.
Authors: Eric P F Chow; Kathryn E Muessig; Lei Yuan; Yanjie Wang; Xiaohu Zhang; Rui Zhao; Peng Sun; Xiaoshu Sun; Joseph D Tucker; Jun Jing; Lei Zhang Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-03-27 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Christopher J L Murray; Katrina F Ortblad; Caterina Guinovart; Stephen S Lim; Timothy M Wolock; D Allen Roberts; Emily A Dansereau; Nicholas Graetz; Ryan M Barber; Jonathan C Brown; Haidong Wang; Herbert C Duber; Mohsen Naghavi; Daniel Dicker; Lalit Dandona; Joshua A Salomon; Kyle R Heuton; Kyle Foreman; David E Phillips; Thomas D Fleming; Abraham D Flaxman; Bryan K Phillips; Elizabeth K Johnson; Megan S Coggeshall; Foad Abd-Allah; Semaw Ferede Abera; Jerry P Abraham; Ibrahim Abubakar; Laith J Abu-Raddad; Niveen Me Abu-Rmeileh; Tom Achoki; Austine Olufemi Adeyemo; Arsène Kouablan Adou; José C Adsuar; Emilie Elisabet Agardh; Dickens Akena; Mazin J Al Kahbouri; Deena Alasfoor; Mohammed I Albittar; Gabriel Alcalá-Cerra; Miguel Angel Alegretti; Zewdie Aderaw Alemu; Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho; Samia Alhabib; Raghib Ali; Francois Alla; Peter J Allen; Ubai Alsharif; Elena Alvarez; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Adansi A Amankwaa; Azmeraw T Amare; Hassan Amini; Walid Ammar; Benjamin O Anderson; Carl Abelardo T Antonio; Palwasha Anwari; Johan Arnlöv; Valentina S Arsic Arsenijevic; Ali Artaman; Rana J Asghar; Reza Assadi; Lydia S Atkins; Alaa Badawi; Kalpana Balakrishnan; Amitava Banerjee; Sanjay Basu; Justin Beardsley; Tolesa Bekele; Michelle L Bell; Eduardo Bernabe; Tariku Jibat Beyene; Neeraj Bhala; Ashish Bhalla; Zulfiqar A Bhutta; Aref Bin Abdulhak; Agnes Binagwaho; Jed D Blore; Berrak Bora Basara; Dipan Bose; Michael Brainin; Nicholas Breitborde; Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela; Ferrán Catalá-López; Vineet K Chadha; Jung-Chen Chang; Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang; Ting-Wu Chuang; Mercedes Colomar; Leslie Trumbull Cooper; Cyrus Cooper; Karen J Courville; Benjamin C Cowie; Michael H Criqui; Rakhi Dandona; Anand Dayama; Diego De Leo; Louisa Degenhardt; Borja Del Pozo-Cruz; Kebede Deribe; Don C Des Jarlais; Muluken Dessalegn; Samath D Dharmaratne; Uğur Dilmen; Eric L Ding; Tim R Driscoll; Adnan M Durrani; Richard G Ellenbogen; Sergey Petrovich Ermakov; Alireza Esteghamati; Emerito Jose A Faraon; Farshad Farzadfar; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Daniel Obadare Fijabi; Mohammad H Forouzanfar; Urbano Fra Paleo; Lynne Gaffikin; Amiran Gamkrelidze; Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé; Johanna M Geleijnse; Bradford D Gessner; Katherine B Gibney; Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed Ginawi; Elizabeth L Glaser; Philimon Gona; Atsushi Goto; Hebe N Gouda; Harish Chander Gugnani; Rajeev Gupta; Rahul Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Randah Ribhi Hamadeh; Mouhanad Hammami; Graeme J Hankey; Hilda L Harb; Josep Maria Haro; Rasmus Havmoeller; Simon I Hay; Mohammad T Hedayati; Ileana B Heredia Pi; Hans W Hoek; John C Hornberger; H Dean Hosgood; Peter J Hotez; Damian G Hoy; John J Huang; Kim M Iburg; Bulat T Idrisov; Kaire Innos; Kathryn H Jacobsen; Panniyammakal Jeemon; Paul N Jensen; Vivekanand Jha; Guohong Jiang; Jost B Jonas; Knud Juel; Haidong Kan; Ida Kankindi; Nadim E Karam; André Karch; Corine Kakizi Karema; Anil Kaul; Norito Kawakami; Dhruv S Kazi; Andrew H Kemp; Andre Pascal Kengne; Andre Keren; Maia Kereselidze; Yousef Saleh Khader; Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khalifa; Ejaz Ahmed Khan; Young-Ho Khang; Irma Khonelidze; Yohannes Kinfu; Jonas M Kinge; Luke Knibbs; Yoshihiro Kokubo; S Kosen; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Veena S Kulkarni; Chanda Kulkarni; Kaushalendra Kumar; Ravi B Kumar; G Anil Kumar; Gene F Kwan; Taavi Lai; Arjun Lakshmana Balaji; Hilton Lam; Qing Lan; Van C Lansingh; Heidi J Larson; Anders Larsson; Jong-Tae Lee; James Leigh; Mall Leinsalu; Ricky Leung; Yichong Li; Yongmei Li; Graça Maria Ferreira De Lima; Hsien-Ho Lin; Steven E Lipshultz; Shiwei Liu; Yang Liu; Belinda K Lloyd; Paulo A Lotufo; Vasco Manuel Pedro Machado; Jennifer H Maclachlan; Carlos Magis-Rodriguez; Marek Majdan; Christopher Chabila Mapoma; Wagner Marcenes; Melvin Barrientos Marzan; Joseph R Masci; Mohammad Taufiq Mashal; Amanda J Mason-Jones; Bongani M Mayosi; Tasara T Mazorodze; Abigail Cecilia Mckay; Peter A Meaney; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez; Yohannes Adama Melaku; Ziad A Memish; Walter Mendoza; Ted R Miller; Edward J Mills; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Ali H Mokdad; Glen Liddell Mola; Lorenzo Monasta; Marcella Montico; Ami R Moore; Rintaro Mori; Wilkister Nyaora Moturi; Mitsuru Mukaigawara; Kinnari S Murthy; Aliya Naheed; Kovin S Naidoo; Luigi Naldi; Vinay Nangia; K M Venkat Narayan; Denis Nash; Chakib Nejjari; Robert G Nelson; Sudan Prasad Neupane; Charles R Newton; Marie Ng; Muhammad Imran Nisar; Sandra Nolte; Ole F Norheim; Vincent Nowaseb; Luke Nyakarahuka; In-Hwan Oh; Takayoshi Ohkubo; Bolajoko O Olusanya; Saad B Omer; John Nelson Opio; Orish Ebere Orisakwe; Jeyaraj D Pandian; Christina Papachristou; Angel J Paternina Caicedo; Scott B Patten; Vinod K Paul; Boris Igor Pavlin; Neil Pearce; David M Pereira; Aslam Pervaiz; Konrad Pesudovs; Max Petzold; Farshad Pourmalek; Dima Qato; Amado D Quezada; D Alex Quistberg; Anwar Rafay; Kazem Rahimi; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Sajjad Ur Rahman; Murugesan Raju; Saleem M Rana; Homie Razavi; Robert Quentin Reilly; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Jan Hendrik Richardus; Luca Ronfani; Nobhojit Roy; Nsanzimana Sabin; Mohammad Yahya Saeedi; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; Genesis May J Samonte; Monika Sawhney; Ione J C Schneider; David C Schwebel; Soraya Seedat; Sadaf G Sepanlou; Edson E Servan-Mori; Sara Sheikhbahaei; Kenji Shibuya; Hwashin Hyun Shin; Ivy Shiue; Rupak Shivakoti; Inga Dora Sigfusdottir; Donald H Silberberg; Andrea P Silva; Edgar P Simard; Jasvinder A Singh; Vegard Skirbekk; Karen Sliwa; Samir Soneji; Sergey S Soshnikov; Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy; Vasiliki Kalliopi Stathopoulou; Konstantinos Stroumpoulis; Soumya Swaminathan; Bryan L Sykes; Karen M Tabb; Roberto Tchio Talongwa; Eric Yeboah Tenkorang; Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi; Alan J Thomson; Andrew L Thorne-Lyman; Jeffrey A Towbin; Jefferson Traebert; Bach X Tran; Zacharie Tsala Dimbuene; Miltiadis Tsilimbaris; Uche S Uchendu; Kingsley N Ukwaja; Selen Begüm Uzun; Andrew J Vallely; Tommi J Vasankari; N Venketasubramanian; Francesco S Violante; Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov; Stein Emil Vollset; Stephen Waller; Mitchell T Wallin; Linhong Wang; XiaoRong Wang; Yanping Wang; Scott Weichenthal; Elisabete Weiderpass; Robert G Weintraub; Ronny Westerman; Richard A White; James D Wilkinson; Thomas Neil Williams; Solomon Meseret Woldeyohannes; John Q Wong; Gelin Xu; Yang C Yang; Yuichiro Yano; Gokalp Kadri Yentur; Paul Yip; Naohiro Yonemoto; Seok-Jun Yoon; Mustafa Younis; Chuanhua Yu; Kim Yun Jin; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Yong Zhao; Yingfeng Zheng; Maigeng Zhou; Jun Zhu; Xiao Nong Zou; Alan D Lopez; Theo Vos Journal: Lancet Date: 2014-07-22 Impact factor: 79.321