Saira Saeed Mirza1, Renée F A G de Bruijn2, Nese Direk1, Albert Hofman1, Peter J Koudstaal3, M Arfan Ikram4, Henning Tiemeier5. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: h.tiemeier@erasmusmc.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Whether depression is a long-term risk factor for dementia or represents a dementia prodrome is unclear. Therefore, we examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and dementia during short and long follow-up in a population-based cohort. METHODS: In the Rotterdam Study, 4393 nondemented individuals were followed for incident dementia for 13.7 years by continuous monitoring. Cox proportional hazards models for different time intervals were used to estimate the risk of incident dementia. RESULTS: Five-hundred eighty-two participants developed dementia during 13.7 years. Persons with depressive symptoms had an 8% increased risk of dementia compared with those without depressive symptoms during the overall follow-up. The risk was highest in the short and intermediate follow-up, particularly in men. We did not find an association in the follow-up period beyond 10 years. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that late-life depressive symptoms are part of a dementia prodrome rather than an independent risk factor of dementia.
BACKGROUND: Whether depression is a long-term risk factor for dementia or represents a dementia prodrome is unclear. Therefore, we examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and dementia during short and long follow-up in a population-based cohort. METHODS: In the Rotterdam Study, 4393 nondemented individuals were followed for incident dementia for 13.7 years by continuous monitoring. Cox proportional hazards models for different time intervals were used to estimate the risk of incident dementia. RESULTS: Five-hundred eighty-two participants developed dementia during 13.7 years. Persons with depressive symptoms had an 8% increased risk of dementia compared with those without depressive symptoms during the overall follow-up. The risk was highest in the short and intermediate follow-up, particularly in men. We did not find an association in the follow-up period beyond 10 years. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that late-life depressive symptoms are part of a dementia prodrome rather than an independent risk factor of dementia.
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