Changes in plasma and brain tryptophan and brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid after footshock stress.

Brain concentrations of tryptophan, serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and plasma amino acids were measured after 15 or 30 minutes of intermittent footshock. Footshock treatment significantly decreased the content of 5-HT in prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus, but not brainstem at 15 min, but the decreases were reversed by 30 min. 5-HIAA, the major catabolite of 5-HT, increased in prefrontal cortex after 15 min, and in prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus after 30 min footshock. 5-HIAA:5-HT ratios were increased at both timepoints in all three brain regions. Concomitant changes in the ratios of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) to dopamine and 3-methoxy,-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) to norepinephrine were also observed. Brain concentrations of tryptophan increased progressively during the footshock in all three brain regions. Plasma concentrations of both tryptophan and tyrosine were also significantly increased, while those of histidine and lysine were decreased. It is possible that the stress-related changes in 5-HT metabolism are due to increased plasma tryptophan, in turn causing increased brain tryptophan and 5-HT synthesis. However, the transient decreases in 5-HT suggest a footshock-induced increase of 5-HT release, depleting existing stores of 5-HT, that are replenished by the increased systemic availability of tryptophan.