PURPOSE OF REVIEW: β Cells represent one of many cell types in heterogeneous pancreatic islets and play the central role in maintaining glucose homeostasis, such that disrupting β-cell function leads to diabetes. This review summarizes the methods for isolating and characterizing β cells, and describes integrated 'omics' approaches used to define the β cell by its transcriptome and proteome. RECENT FINDINGS: RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based protein identification have now identified RNA and protein profiles for mouse and human pancreatic islets and β cells, and for β-cell lines. Recent publications have outlined these profiles and, more importantly, have begun to assign the presence or absence of specific genes and regulatory molecules to β-cell function and dysfunction. Overall, researchers have focused on understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes by connecting genome, transcriptome, proteome, and regulatory RNA profiles with findings from genome-wide association studies. SUMMARY: Studies employing these relatively new techniques promise to identify specific genes or regulatory RNAs with altered expression as β-cell function begins to deteriorate in the spiral toward the development of diabetes. The ultimate goal is to identify the potential therapeutic targets to prevent β-cell dysfunction and thereby better treat the individual with diabetes. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/COE/A5.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: β Cells represent one of many cell types in heterogeneous pancreatic islets and play the central role in maintaining glucose homeostasis, such that disrupting β-cell function leads to diabetes. This review summarizes the methods for isolating and characterizing β cells, and describes integrated 'omics' approaches used to define the β cell by its transcriptome and proteome. RECENT FINDINGS: RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based protein identification have now identified RNA and protein profiles for mouse and humanpancreatic islets and β cells, and for β-cell lines. Recent publications have outlined these profiles and, more importantly, have begun to assign the presence or absence of specific genes and regulatory molecules to β-cell function and dysfunction. Overall, researchers have focused on understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes by connecting genome, transcriptome, proteome, and regulatory RNA profiles with findings from genome-wide association studies. SUMMARY: Studies employing these relatively new techniques promise to identify specific genes or regulatory RNAs with altered expression as β-cell function begins to deteriorate in the spiral toward the development of diabetes. The ultimate goal is to identify the potential therapeutic targets to prevent β-cell dysfunction and thereby better treat the individual with diabetes. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/COE/A5.
Authors: G Parnaud; D Bosco; T Berney; F Pattou; J Kerr-Conte; M Y Donath; C Bruun; T Mandrup-Poulsen; N Billestrup; P A Halban Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2007-11-10 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Geert A Martens; Lei Jiang; Katrijn Verhaeghen; Joanne B Connolly; Scott G Geromanos; Geert Stangé; Laurence Van Oudenhove; Bart Devreese; Karine H Hellemans; Zhidong Ling; Christiaan Van Schravendijk; Daniel G Pipeleers; Johannes P C Vissers; Frans K Gorus Journal: PLoS One Date: 2010-12-06 Impact factor: 3.240