Penile studies and heterosexual partners. Peniscopy, cytology, histology, and immunocytochemistry.

The male partners of 20 women with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection (subtypes 6, 11, 16, and 18) were studied. These men were unsuspecting and allowed investigation "for scientific reasons" in the context of the abnormal findings in their female partners. Peniscopy (study of the penis with a colposcope) was abnormal in 17 cases. In the cytologic-brush preparations of the urethra, hyperkeratosis (visualized with the modified Papanicolaou technique) occurred in all cases, but koilocytosis in only one. Both urothelial cells and squamous cells in the urethral samples were positive for HPV, as shown in the immunocytochemistry. In the histologic sections taken from flat lesions there was hyperkeratosis, dyskeratosis, and abnormal nuclear maturation. The authors concluded that, using simple techniques, subtle disturbances in maturation of nuclei and cytoplasm can be established in penile epithelium of these sexual partners. Similar changes are established in other HPV lesions. It seems likely that a significant proportion of the male population is infected in countries were HPV an important factor in cervical carcinogenesis.