Ilse Baert1, Jennifer Freeman2, Tori Smedal3, Ulrik Dalgas4, Anders Romberg5, Alon Kalron6, Helen Conyers7, Iratxe Elorriaga8, Benoit Gebara9, Johanna Gumse10, Adnan Heric11, Ellen Jensen12, Kari Jones3, Kathy Knuts13, Benoît Maertens de Noordhout14, Andrej Martic15, Britt Normann16, Bert O Eijnde17, Kamila Rasova18, Carmen Santoyo Medina19, Veronik Truyens13, Inez Wens17, Peter Feys17. 1. Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium ilse.baert@uhasselt.be. 2. Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK. 3. Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 4. Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 5. Masku Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Masku, Finland. 6. Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. 7. Poole Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Dorset, UK. 8. Eugenia Epalza Rehabilitation Center, Bilbao, Spain. 9. National Multiple Sclerosis Center, Melsbroek, Belgium. 10. Helsinki MS-Neuvola, Helsinki, Finland. 11. Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hakadal AS, Norway. 12. Multiple Sclerosis Hospital, Haslev, Denmark Multiple Sclerosis Hospital, Ry, Denmark. 13. Rehabilitation and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Overpelt, Belgium. 14. Centre Neurologique et de Réadaptation Fonctionelle, Fraiture-en-Condroz, Belgium. 15. University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia. 16. Kongsgaarden Physiotherapy AS/Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway. 17. Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium. 18. Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. 19. Hospital de Dia de Barcelona, CEMCat, Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Evaluation of treatment effects on walking requires appropriate and responsive outcome measures. OBJECTIVES: To determine responsiveness of 5 walking measures and provide reference values for clinically meaningful improvements, according to disability level, in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). METHODS: Walking tests were measured pre- and postrehabilitation in 290 pwMS from 17 European centers. Combined anchor- and distribution-based methods determined responsiveness of objective short and long walking capacity tests (Timed 25-Foot Walk [T25FW] and 2- and 6-Minute Walk Tests [2MWT and 6MWT] and of the patient-reported Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 [MSWS-12]). A global rating of change scale, from patients' and therapists' perspective, was used as external criteria to determine the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), minimally important change (MIC), and smallest real change (SRC). Patients were stratified into disability subgroups (Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≤4 [n = 98], >4 [n = 186]). RESULTS: MSWS-12, 2MWT, and 6MWT were more responsive (AUC 0.64-0.73) than T25FW (0.50-0.63), especially in moderate to severely disabled pwMS. Clinically meaningful changes (MICs) from patient and therapist perspective were -10.4 and -11.4 for MSWS-12 (P < .01), 9.6 m and 6.8 m for 2MWT (P < .05), and 21.6 m (P < .05) and 9.1 m (P = .3) for 6MWT. In subgroups, MIC was significant from patient perspective for 2MWT (10.8 m) and from therapist perspective for MSWS-12 (-10.7) in mildly disabled pwMS. In moderate to severely disabled pwMS, MIC was significant for MSWS-12 (-14.1 and -11.9). CONCLUSIONS: Long walking tests and patient-reported MSWS-12 were more appropriate than short walking tests in detecting clinically meaningful improvement after physical rehabilitation, particularly the MSWS-12 for moderate to severely disabled pwMS.
BACKGROUND: Evaluation of treatment effects on walking requires appropriate and responsive outcome measures. OBJECTIVES: To determine responsiveness of 5 walking measures and provide reference values for clinically meaningful improvements, according to disability level, in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). METHODS: Walking tests were measured pre- and postrehabilitation in 290 pwMS from 17 European centers. Combined anchor- and distribution-based methods determined responsiveness of objective short and long walking capacity tests (Timed 25-Foot Walk [T25FW] and 2- and 6-Minute Walk Tests [2MWT and 6MWT] and of the patient-reported Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 [MSWS-12]). A global rating of change scale, from patients' and therapists' perspective, was used as external criteria to determine the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), minimally important change (MIC), and smallest real change (SRC). Patients were stratified into disability subgroups (Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≤4 [n = 98], >4 [n = 186]). RESULTS: MSWS-12, 2MWT, and 6MWT were more responsive (AUC 0.64-0.73) than T25FW (0.50-0.63), especially in moderate to severely disabled pwMS. Clinically meaningful changes (MICs) from patient and therapist perspective were -10.4 and -11.4 for MSWS-12 (P < .01), 9.6 m and 6.8 m for 2MWT (P < .05), and 21.6 m (P < .05) and 9.1 m (P = .3) for 6MWT. In subgroups, MIC was significant from patient perspective for 2MWT (10.8 m) and from therapist perspective for MSWS-12 (-10.7) in mildly disabled pwMS. In moderate to severely disabled pwMS, MIC was significant for MSWS-12 (-14.1 and -11.9). CONCLUSIONS: Long walking tests and patient-reported MSWS-12 were more appropriate than short walking tests in detecting clinically meaningful improvement after physical rehabilitation, particularly the MSWS-12 for moderate to severely disabled pwMS.
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