Some aspects of geotropism in coleoptiles.

Auxin transport was studied in coleoptile sections that were stimulated geotropically. The early time course of auxin-transport asymmetry was measured. An initial phase in which more IAA was delivered into the receptor for the upper half was found after 5 min of horizontal exposure. After about 15 min this was followed by the expected known asymmetry in which more auxin flows in the lower side of the coleoptile. Upon return of the coleoptile to a vertical position, this asymmetry disappeared within 30 min.Earlier correlations of geosensitivity of the auxin transport system with sedimentation of amyloplasts in comparisons of wild type corn and an amylomaize mutant were confirmed and extended. It was also shown that, in contrast to the geotropic effect, phototropically induced lateral auxin asymmetry was not significantly different in wild type and amylomaize. Eleven other single-gene endosperm starch mutants of corn were compared to their corresponding normals. In all pairs, if a difference in geosensitivity of lateral auxin transport was present, it was correlated with a parallel difference in amyloplast sedimentation: e.g., sugary 1 ("67") had an amyloplast asymmetry index of 0.32 and a 13% gravity effect on auxin transport; the paired wild-type had both a greater amyloplast asymmetry (0.61) and a greater gravity effect on transport (23%).Correlations between gravity effects on auxin transport and amyloplasts were also shown in comparisons of apical and basal sections of corn, oat and Sorghum coleoptiles.Further results, confirming the increased effect of centrifugal acceleration greater than 1xg on lateral auxin transport and on curvature, are in agreement with the hypothesis that the pressure exerted by amyloplasts, acting as statoliths, locally stimulates the auxin transport system in the individual cells.