Acute intake of a high-fructose diet alters the balance of adipokine concentrations and induces neutrophil influx in the liver.

The postprandial state is a period of metabolic fluxes, biosynthesis and oxidative metabolism. A considerable amount is known about the inflammatory response to the chronic consumption of fructose, but little is known about its effects in the postprandial state. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inflammatory effects of a single meal containing fructose on healthy mice. Male BALB/c and LysM-eGFP mice at 12-14 weeks were divided into three groups: fasted, control (mice fed with a sucrose-containing diet) and fructose (mice fed with a fructose-containing diet). One, 2 or 4 h postprandial, the BALB/c mice were killed, and samples were collected. LysM-eGFP mice were submitted to intravital microscopy. The fed mice showed a low-grade inflammatory response apart from dietary composition, which was characterized by increased numbers of leukocytes and high serum concentrations of pentraxin 3, leptin and resistin. TNF-α and CCL2 concentrations rose in the liver after the meal. IL-6 concentration increased and IL-10 decreased in the adipose tissue of the fed mice. Mice fed with the fructose-containing diet showed an intensification of the inflammatory response. Furthermore, the adiponectin concentration dropped, and the liver influx of neutrophils increased after fructose intake. Overall, this study showed a rapid increase in the systemic and tissue-specific immune response after a balanced meal. The study also showed an increased neutrophil influx in liver associated with an imbalance of adipokine concentrations and an increase of cytokine in the liver and adipose tissue following a fructose-containing meal.