Lisa A Kilpatrick1, Kristen Coveleskie2, Lynn Connolly3, Jennifer S Labus4, Bahar Ebrat3, Jean Stains3, Zhiguo Jiang3, Brandall Y Suyenobu3, Helen E Raybould5, Kirsten Tillisch3, Emeran A Mayer6. 1. Gail and Gerald Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: lakilpatrick@mednet.ucla.edu. 2. Gail and Gerald Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. 3. Gail and Gerald Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, California. 4. Gail and Gerald Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, California; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 5. Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California. 6. Gail and Gerald Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The study of intrinsic fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging can provide insight into the effect of physiologic states on brain processes. In an effort to better understand the brain-gut communication induced by the absorption and metabolism of nutrients in healthy lean and obese individuals, we investigated whether ingestion of nutritive and non-nutritive sweetened beverages differentially engages the hypothalamus and brainstem vagal pathways in lean and obese women. METHODS: In a 2-day, double-blind crossover study, 11 lean and 11 obese healthy women underwentfunctional magnetic resonance imaging scans after ingestion of 2 beverages of different sucrose content, but identical sweetness. During scans, subjects rested with eyes closed. RESULTS:Blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations demonstrated significantly greater power in the highest frequency band (slow-3: 0.073-0.198 Hz) after ingestion of high-sucrose compared with low-sucrose beverages in the nucleus tractus solitarius for both groups. Obese women had greater connectivity between the right lateral hypothalamus and a reward-related brain region and weaker connectivity with homeostasis and gustatory-related brain regions than lean women. CONCLUSIONS: In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we observed sucrose-related changes in oscillatory dynamics of blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations in brainstem and hypothalamus in lean and obese women. The observed frequency changes are consistent with a rapid vagally mediated mechanism due to nutrient absorption, rather than sweet taste receptor activation. These findings provide support for altered interaction between homeostatic and reward networks in obese individuals.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The study of intrinsic fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging can provide insight into the effect of physiologic states on brain processes. In an effort to better understand the brain-gut communication induced by the absorption and metabolism of nutrients in healthy lean and obese individuals, we investigated whether ingestion of nutritive and non-nutritive sweetened beverages differentially engages the hypothalamus and brainstem vagal pathways in lean and obesewomen. METHODS: In a 2-day, double-blind crossover study, 11 lean and 11 obese healthy women underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans after ingestion of 2 beverages of different sucrose content, but identical sweetness. During scans, subjects rested with eyes closed. RESULTS: Blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations demonstrated significantly greater power in the highest frequency band (slow-3: 0.073-0.198 Hz) after ingestion of high-sucrose compared with low-sucrose beverages in the nucleus tractus solitarius for both groups. Obesewomen had greater connectivity between the right lateral hypothalamus and a reward-related brain region and weaker connectivity with homeostasis and gustatory-related brain regions than lean women. CONCLUSIONS: In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we observed sucrose-related changes in oscillatory dynamics of blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations in brainstem and hypothalamus in lean and obesewomen. The observed frequency changes are consistent with a rapid vagally mediated mechanism due to nutrient absorption, rather than sweet taste receptor activation. These findings provide support for altered interaction between homeostatic and reward networks in obese individuals.
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