Percutaneous antegrade nephroscopic holmium laser pyelotomy: Novel endourologic technique for removal of extruded ureteral stent.

Ureteral stent malposition outside of the urinary tract is a very uncommon complication of retrograde or antegrade ureteral stent insertion. There are few reports of open, laparoscopic or endourologic approaches to remove malpositioned stents. We present a novel technique for the removal of an extruded retroperitoneal ureteral stent using percutaneous antegrade nephroscopic holmium laser pyelotomy. This previously undescribed procedure represents a new soft tissue application of the holmium laser.