A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF THE EXPERIENTIAL STRUCTURE OF EMOTIONS OF DISTRESS: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS IN A SAMPLE OF FEMALE JAPANESE AND AMERICAN COLLEGE STUDENTS.

Negative emotions such as anger, sadness and fear are universal; however, there is cultural variability in the ways that specific emotions cluster together. This Experience Sampling Method study collected daily life emotions of distress for 44 American and 50 Japanese college students. These women reported their experiences of 37 distresses once a day for seven days. Cluster Analysis revealed that Americans had upset, depression, hostility and dependency clusters. The Japanese had depression, sad/angry, gloomy, hate and interpersonal clusters. Cultural analysis of idioms of distress and clinical implications are discussed.