Alexis B Peterson1, Daniel P Hivick, Wendy J Lynch. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, 1670 Discovery Drive, Charlottesville, VA, 22911, USA.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Exercise has shown promise as an intervention for drug addiction; however, little is known regarding the exercise conditions that most effectively reduce relapse vulnerability and whether these conditions differ by sex. OBJECTIVE: Here, we examined sex differences in the dose-dependent effects of wheel running, an animal model of exercise, during abstinence on subsequent cocaine-seeking. METHODS: Male and female rats self-administered cocaine (1.5 mg/kg/infusion) under extended access conditions (24 h/day, 4 discrete trials/h) for 10 days. Rats were then given voluntary access to either an unlocked or locked running wheel for 1, 2, 6, or 24 h/day during the 14-day abstinence period. Separate groups of rats were housed in polycarbonate cages during abstinence to control for physical activity that the wheel may provide. Subsequent cocaine-seeking was assessed under a within-session extinction/cue-induced reinstatement procedure. Estrous cycle was monitored in females to determine whether the effectiveness of wheel running varied by estrous cycle phase. RESULTS: Although females ran more than males, males were more sensitive to the effects of running and showed a dose-dependent decrease in cocaine-seeking with longer access resulting in greater suppression. The dose-effect relationship was less straightforward in females and access to both a locked and unlocked wheel decreased cocaine-seeking with effects dependent on estrous cycle phase. Notably, extended (6 and 24 h/day), but not limited (1 and 2 h/day) access to a wheel surmounted the heightened vulnerability observed in females during estrus. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our findings suggest that the effectiveness of wheel running is dose-, sex-, and estrous cycle-dependent.
RATIONALE: Exercise has shown promise as an intervention for drug addiction; however, little is known regarding the exercise conditions that most effectively reduce relapse vulnerability and whether these conditions differ by sex. OBJECTIVE: Here, we examined sex differences in the dose-dependent effects of wheel running, an animal model of exercise, during abstinence on subsequent cocaine-seeking. METHODS: Male and female rats self-administered cocaine (1.5 mg/kg/infusion) under extended access conditions (24 h/day, 4 discrete trials/h) for 10 days. Rats were then given voluntary access to either an unlocked or locked running wheel for 1, 2, 6, or 24 h/day during the 14-day abstinence period. Separate groups of rats were housed in polycarbonate cages during abstinence to control for physical activity that the wheel may provide. Subsequent cocaine-seeking was assessed under a within-session extinction/cue-induced reinstatement procedure. Estrous cycle was monitored in females to determine whether the effectiveness of wheel running varied by estrous cycle phase. RESULTS: Although females ran more than males, males were more sensitive to the effects of running and showed a dose-dependent decrease in cocaine-seeking with longer access resulting in greater suppression. The dose-effect relationship was less straightforward in females and access to both a locked and unlocked wheel decreased cocaine-seeking with effects dependent on estrous cycle phase. Notably, extended (6 and 24 h/day), but not limited (1 and 2 h/day) access to a wheel surmounted the heightened vulnerability observed in females during estrus. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our findings suggest that the effectiveness of wheel running is dose-, sex-, and estrous cycle-dependent.
Authors: Benjamin N Greenwood; Teresa E Foley; Tony V Le; Paul V Strong; Alice B Loughridge; Heidi E W Day; Monika Fleshner Journal: Behav Brain Res Date: 2010-11-09 Impact factor: 3.332
Authors: Tod E Kippin; Rita A Fuchs; Ritu H Mehta; Jordan M Case; Macon P Parker; Heather A Bimonte-Nelson; Ronald E See Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl) Date: 2005-10-19 Impact factor: 4.530
Authors: Helen C Fox; Kwangik A Hong; Prashni Paliwal; Peter T Morgan; Rajita Sinha Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl) Date: 2007-09-21 Impact factor: 4.530
Authors: Rajita Sinha; Helen Fox; Kwang-Ik Hong; Mehmet Sofuoglu; Peter T Morgan; Ken T Bergquist Journal: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol Date: 2007-10 Impact factor: 3.157
Authors: Katharine H Nelson; Hayley N Manke; Aikerim Imanalieva; Kenner C Rice; Anthony L Riley Journal: Pharmacol Biochem Behav Date: 2019-08-21 Impact factor: 3.533