Histrionicotoxins: effects on binding of radioligands for sodium, potassium, and calcium channels in brain membranes.

A series of eight histrionicotoxins and two synthetic analogs inhibit binding of [3H]batrachotoxinin B to sites on voltage dependent sodium channels in brain membranes. Perhydrohistrionicotoxin (IC50 0.33 microM) and octahydrohistrionicotoxin (IC50 1.2 microM) are comparable in activities to potent local anesthetics. Histrionicotoxin (IC50 17 microM) and the other histrionicotoxins are much less potent. The histrionicotoxins also inhibit binding of [3H]phencyclidine to putative potassium channels in brain membranes. Histrionicotoxin (IC50 15 microM) and the other histrionicotoxins are much more potent than perhydrohistrionicotoxin (IC50 200 microM), but are at least 200-fold less potent than phencyclidine. The histrionicotoxins enhance binding of [3H]nitrendipine to sites on calcium channels in brain membranes, with the exception of perhydrohistrionicotoxin, which inhibits binding. Structure activity relationships at these channel sites and at the sites for noncompetitive blockers on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel (AChR) complex differ. The histrionicotoxins are more potent at the sites on the AChR complex than at sites on other channels with the exception of perhydrohistrionicotoxin, which has comparable potency at the AChR complex and sodium channels.