Nathalie Ruvoën-Clouet1, Ana Magalhaes2, Lara Marcos-Silva3, Adrien Breiman4, Ceu Figueiredo3, Leonor David3, Jacques Le Pendu5. 1. Inserm, U892; CNRS, UMR 6299; Nantes University, Nantes 44007, France Oniris, Ecole Nationale vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation. 2. Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology. 3. Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Portugal. 4. Inserm, U892; CNRS, UMR 6299; Nantes University, Nantes 44007, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France. 5. Inserm, U892; CNRS, UMR 6299; Nantes University, Nantes 44007, France.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Noroviruses (NoVs) represent a considerable public health burden. Despite their enormous genetic diversity, most outbreaks are due to the single GII.4 genotype, but the reasons for this are poorly understood. NoVs use histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as attachment factors. Since HBGAs are present in saliva, binding of strains to saliva is commonly used as a surrogate for recognition of the gut surface by specific strains, although the relationship between saliva and gut tissue expression of HBGAs is not well defined. METHODS: The presence of fucosylated HBGAs in saliva and stomach biopsy specimens, as well as that of genogroup I.1 and genogroup II.4 virus-like particles, were compared in a series of 109 donors from Portugal. RESULTS: An overall good concordance between HBGA expression in saliva and stomach surface mucosa was observed. However, unexpected mucosal expression of α(1,2)fucosylated epitopes in nonsecretor individuals was frequently detected, allowing for GII.4 attachment. Although all individuals were infected with Helicobacter pylori, abnormal expression of α(1,2)fucosylated motifs and binding of GII.4 virus-like particles in nonsecretors' mucosa were associated with positivity for the H. pylori CagA virulence factor. CONCLUSIONS: Infection by CagA-positive H. pylori induces expression of GII.4 attachment factors in nonsecretors' mucosa, expanding the host range of these strains and thereby possibly contributing to their epidemiological dominance.
BACKGROUND: Noroviruses (NoVs) represent a considerable public health burden. Despite their enormous genetic diversity, most outbreaks are due to the single GII.4 genotype, but the reasons for this are poorly understood. NoVs use histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as attachment factors. Since HBGAs are present in saliva, binding of strains to saliva is commonly used as a surrogate for recognition of the gut surface by specific strains, although the relationship between saliva and gut tissue expression of HBGAs is not well defined. METHODS: The presence of fucosylated HBGAs in saliva and stomach biopsy specimens, as well as that of genogroup I.1 and genogroup II.4 virus-like particles, were compared in a series of 109 donors from Portugal. RESULTS: An overall good concordance between HBGA expression in saliva and stomach surface mucosa was observed. However, unexpected mucosal expression of α(1,2)fucosylated epitopes in nonsecretor individuals was frequently detected, allowing for GII.4 attachment. Although all individuals were infected with Helicobacter pylori, abnormal expression of α(1,2)fucosylated motifs and binding of GII.4 virus-like particles in nonsecretors' mucosa were associated with positivity for the H. pylori CagA virulence factor. CONCLUSIONS:Infection by CagA-positive H. pylori induces expression of GII.4 attachment factors in nonsecretors' mucosa, expanding the host range of these strains and thereby possibly contributing to their epidemiological dominance.
Authors: Veronica P Costantini; Emilie M Cooper; Hope L Hardaker; Lore E Lee; Marieke Bierhoff; Christianne Biggs; Paul R Cieslak; Aron J Hall; Jan Vinjé Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2015-10-26 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Victoria R Tenge; Liya Hu; B V Venkataram Prasad; Göran Larson; Robert L Atmar; Mary K Estes; Sasirekha Ramani Journal: Viruses Date: 2021-10-14 Impact factor: 5.048